Other mechanisms. As discussed in chapter 1, there are other important potential mechanisms that have been linked to obesity-related asthma. The occurrence of obesity-related comorbidities, like gastro-esophageal reflux and OSAS are associated with asthma. Especially OSAS is associated with metabolic syndrome and could be an important trigger for uncontrolled asthma in the obese (75). A high fat diet is associated with airway inflammation (76-78) and animal studies suggest that a high fat diet increases the number of innate lymphoid cells in the lung and can induce both innate airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflamma- tion through an IL-1β pathway (79). In contrast, a reduced fat diet is associated with reduction of airway inflammation (78). Also, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the development of both obesity and asthma. Obesity is associated with decreased circulating levels of vitamin D (80) and there is growing literature on the association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of asthma and corticosteroid resistance (81). The effect of vitamin D supplements on asthma in the obese is not known. One study showed a significant increase in vitamin D levels after 3 months of weight loss program with exercise in obese asthma patients, but the correlation with improvements in clinical parameters remained unclear (72). Importantly, bariatric surgery is associated with reduced vitamin D levels and supplementation of this vitamin is required after bariatric surgery (82).
Other mechanisms h Although the above are formal structures, the climate of the school should encourage professional discussion and debate among teachers at all levels. Constructive criticism in a supportive environment can be positively helpful. It can assist in empowering staff and in developing the professional role of the teacher. h Staff bulletin - daily or weekly. Everyone ought to be free to contribute. Circulation to all staff. h Opportunities for whole staff meetings can be created during in-service days, during collegiate time, by extending the interval by 5 minutes on a fortnightly or weekly basis. h Memoranda may be used where detail is required and written information or consultation is desirable
Other mechanisms. 2.10 Evaluate the continuity and coordination of care furnished to Members. If the Delegate uses internally developed as opposed to nationally recognized written protocols for utilization review, the Delegate must base those protocols on current standards of medical practice. Mechanisms must be in place to evaluate utilization of services and inform Members and providers of services of the results.
Other mechanisms. In case that new regulatory rules are promulgated in the future on the mechanism of selling down the shares traded on the SSE STAR Market and give rise to other applicable selldown mechanisms, the Parties may otherwise negotiate and sign a relevant written document to confirm the new selldown mechanisms.
Other mechanisms providing that the JMA is intended to support and strengthen other mechanisms (such as Treaty Settlements) and shall not derogate from those arrangements.
Other mechanisms. Several other mechanisms may be utilized to assist with knowledge management. These include, but are not limited to: • Posters in the Regional Offices, DHE, and BCC Secretariat • What’s New and News articles • Community shows – to provide community feedback as well as deliver messages and services • Brown bag meetings – internal to CHC • Breakfast meetings - external with key stakeholders. • Communication by the D-COP and OBULAMU Campaign manager with Activity Leaders, and Regional Offices. • Technical assistance and/or capacity strengthening sessions scheduled for staff and IPs.
Other mechanisms. Additional mechanisms for coordination and complementarity of the Programmes are ensured by Working groups, expert networks and discussions regarding preparation and implementation of the different Programmes and operations, based on the partnership principle and including representatives of socio-economic partners and stakeholders.. Mechanisms to support applicants and beneficiaries use the funds in complementary way and for information on the opportunities for support available through each of the ESI Funds Bulgaria will continue to maintain unified information portal for general information on ESI Funds management in the country. The portal will cover all ESI Funds. The aim is to encourage civil society participation in the process of investing ESI Funds in Bulgaria, increase public awareness regarding management of ESIF, as well as to provide up-dated information on Programmes’ open calls, newly enacted national and EU legislation and programming documents in the area of the Cohesion policy. Bulgaria will further develop the established network of information centres for popularization of the EU Cohesion Policy. The aim is to provide reliable, on-time, expert and quality information for financing possibilities to wider range of stakeholders. The information centres will continue to organize public events at district level for clarification of all actual opportunities. The centres will serve based on the “one stop shop” principle and it is intended to achieve maximum satisfaction of the users from provided services through established partnerships with other information networks. The use and up-grade of already introduced e-services continues – application and reporting on project implementation, as well as different maintenance functions, including Help Desk/Service Desk, with the purpose to ensure methodological support to the beneficiaries, provide consistent and reliable information, improve the level of delivered services. Already set practice for conducting information campaigns for potential beneficiaries as well as for approved beneficiaries will continue in order to clarify the process of implementation of approved projects. Mechanism for coordination and complementary use of funds under the Cohesion policy’s Investment for Growth and Jobs goal and European Territorial Cooperation goal. Complementarity with activities, applied in the context of macro-regional and sea-basing strategies Described above coordination mechanisms of the different sta...
Other mechanisms. Several authors note that democratic regimes grant their citizens greater individual rights and civil liberties than non-democratic ones (Xxxxx 1999; Xxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2004; Zwifel & Navia, 2000). These liberties and rights enable citizens to monitor the actions of public officials and increase the supply of public services by a more efficient allocation of public resources (Xxxxx, 1999). Freedoms of speech (including free press), which enables the citizens to express their demands (Xxxxx 1999; Xxxxx and Xxxxxx 2004), and freedom of association, which enhances interest aggregation and articulation are often emphasized (Zwifel and Navia, 2000). Xxxxx and Xxxxxx, for example, hypothesize that increased education provision in Latin American democracies was caused by successful mobilization of teachers unions (Xxxxx and Hunter, 2004). A related argument emphasizes the role of civil society in improving accountability of public officials. Arguments liking civil society with quality of governance have a very long tradition in political science (Xxxxxx, 1993). Authors who write about democracy and social policy argue that democratic regimes allow the emergence of a vibrant civil society, which helps citizen aggregate and express their preferences, and hold governments accountable (Zwifel & Navia, 2000; Xxxxx, 2004). In the study of gender and education provision Xxxxx argues that democratic institutions in Latin America increased women’s ability to organize and express their views in addition to influencing the ability to obtain and disseminate information (Xxxxx, 2004). It needs to be noted that these mechanisms are not necessarily distinct from the electoral mechanisms. They all emphasize that democracy increases the accountability of the government to citizens. However, for true accountability, an effective sanctioning mechanism is necessary. Therefore, all the arguments mentioned above rely on an assumptions that (through elections), citizens can hold the government accountable and punish those, who do not provide the desired level of public services.
Other mechanisms
