Basics of NIR Diffuse Optical Techniques Sample Clauses

Basics of NIR Diffuse Optical Techniques. When using NIR diffuse optical techniques to detect cerebral oxygenation or CBF, a pair of source and detector fibers is usually placed on the tissue surface with a distance of a few millimeters to centimeters. NIR light generated by a laser transmits into tissues through the source fiber (Figure 2.1). Based on the diffusion theory, photons transported in highly scattered biological tissues can be treated as a diffusive process [78, 79]. More specifically, some photons may be absorbed by tissue absorbers including hemoglobin, and water while more photons are scattered by tissue scatterers including cell membranes, organelles, and nuclei. Only a few photons can be scattered back to the tissue surface and detected by the photodetector through the detector fiber. The penetration depth of NIR light in biological tissues is approximately half of the source-detector (S-D) separation (ρ) [80, 81]. NIRS measures the amplitude reductions and phase shifts (for a FD system) at multiple wavelengths to extract tissue blood oxygenation information [80, 81]. DCS blood flow measurement is accomplished by monitoring light intensity fluctuations (caused by the motion of red blood cells) at a single speckle area on tissue surface using a single-mode detection fiber [82-84].
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