Challenges of CSI Sample Clauses

Challenges of CSI based key generation Suppose two devices, Xxxxx and Xxx both listen to a public WiFi source. For each of them, the CSI amplitude value h(t) at time t can be directly obtained from an existing API of the Intel 5300 network card. To extract secret information from two similar measurements of CSI amplitude values, a simple approach is to determine a cut-off amplitude level h and use 0 to represent samples smaller than h and 1 to represent samples larger than h. For example, h can be 0.5 for CSI amplitude varying in [0, 1]. This method is called reciprocal quantization. Reciprocal quantization may cause mismatched bits at t- wo devices. For example, if Xxxxx gets a CSI value 0.53 for a particular bit, Xxx gets 0.48, and the cut-off is 0.5, then they will have a different bit. To reduce these mismatched bits, existing quantization methods often use an abandoned zone. For example, if the abandoned zone is [0.4, 0.6], then only if a CSI value is less than 0.4 (or larger than 0.6), it can be converted to a 0-bit (or 1-bit). Selecting the size of the abandoned zone is a dilemma: if the zone is small, mismatched bits still occur; if the zone is large, too many CSI samples will be discarded, slowing secret bit generation. Figure 2 shows the bit mismatch rate versus the discarded bit rate by varying the abandoned zone from 0 to 4σ, where σ is the standard deviation of the Xxxx- xxxx noise. We find that when the abandoned zone is smaller than σ, the discarded rate is low but it causes more than 10% mismatched bits. When the zone is large, e.g., 3σ, the mis- match rate is negligible but more than 80% samples will be discarded. To further demonstrate the harm of mismatched bits, we use an existing method, information reconciliation [3] [8], to fix mismatched bits by iterative parity checks. Figure 3 shows that the rounds of parity checks increase sig- nificantly with growing mismatched bits, for generation of a 256-bit key. For 20 mismatched bits, it requires more than 70-150 parity check bits to correct them. Besides tremen- dous communication and time cost, the number of secret bits is also reduced from 256 to < 150 due to privacy am- plification [17]. Additionally, information reconciliation is a Eve S-box Xxx got nothing! ? ? ? ? ... : 0 0 Channel Sampling S-box Generation 1 1 1 1 Key Generation Key Delivery Xxx recovers the key: 0 1 1 0 ...
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