Common use of DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES Clause in Contracts

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. K coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) of the special equipment is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, required to maintain a constant absolute temperature difference ΔT between the mean inside temperature Ti and the mean outside temperature Te, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te is constant for a body of mean surface area S. 2. The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfers, wheel-arches and similar features, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in test reports; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Ti) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Te) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and cooling capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside and outside temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. K coefficient. The overall coefficient of heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) which represents the insulating capacity of the special equipment equipment, is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, thermal capacity required in a body of mean surface area S to maintain a constant the absolute temperature difference ΔT ∆ θ between the mean inside temperature Ti θi and the mean outside temperature Teθe, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te θe is constant for a body of mean surface area S.constant. 2. The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfersround-offs, wheel-arches and similar featuresthe like, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in the test reportsreport prescribed hereunder; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupiedoccupied thereby, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Tiθi) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Teθe) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body; and; (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K°C, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K °C during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling thermal capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and cooling thermal capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside internal and outside external temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.°C.

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. 1.1 K coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) of the special equipment is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, required to maintain a constant absolute temperature difference ΔT T between the mean inside temperature Ti and the mean outside temperature Te, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te is constant for a body of mean surface area S. 2. 1.2 The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfers, wheel-arches and similar features, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in test reports; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. 1.3 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Ti) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. 1.4 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Te) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. 1.5 The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. 1.6 Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 1.3 and 1.4 of this appendix. 1.7 The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and cooling thermal capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside and outside temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. 1.1 K coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) of the special equipment is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T ΔT where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, required to maintain a constant absolute temperature difference ΔT between the mean inside temperature Ti and the mean outside temperature Te, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te is constant for a body of mean surface area S. 2. 1.2 The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfers, wheel-arches and similar features, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in test reports; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. 1.3 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Ti) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. 1.4 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Te) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. 1.5 The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. 1.6 Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 1.3 and 1.4 of this appendix. 1.7 The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and or cooling capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside and outside temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. 1.1 K coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) of the special equipment is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T ∆T where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, required to maintain a constant absolute temperature difference ΔT ∆T between the mean inside temperature Ti and the mean outside temperature Te, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te is constant for a body of mean surface area S. 2. 1.2 The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfers, wheel-arches and similar features, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in test reports; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. 1.3 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Ti) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. 1.4 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Te) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the eight outside corners of the body; and (b) the centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. 1.5 The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. 1.6 Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 1.3 and 1.4 of this appendix. 1.7 The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and cooling thermal capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside and outside temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 1. 1.1 K coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient (K coefficient) of the special equipment is defined by the following formula: K = W S. Δ T where W is either the heating power or the cooling capacity, as the case may be, required to maintain a constant absolute temperature difference ΔT T between the mean inside temperature Ti and the mean outside temperature Te, during continuous operation, when the mean outside temperature Te is constant for a body of mean surface area S. 2. 1.2 The mean surface area S of the body is the geometric mean of the inside surface area Si and the outside surface area Se of the body: Si . Se In determining the two surface areas Si and Se, structural peculiarities and surface irregularities of the body, such as chamfers, wheel-arches and similar features, shall be taken into account and shall be noted under the appropriate heading in test reports; however, if the body is covered with corrugated sheet metal the area considered shall be that of the plane surface occupied, not that of the developed corrugated surface. 3. 1.3 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean inside temperature of the body (Ti) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the The eight inside corners of the body; and (b) the The centres of the four inside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurements shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 4. 1.4 In the case of parallelepipedic bodies, the mean outside temperature of the body (Te) is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured 10 cm from the walls at the following 12 points: (a) the The eight outside corners of the body; and (b) the The centres of the four outside faces having the largest area. If the body is not parallelepipedic, the 12 points of measurement shall be distributed as satisfactorily as possible having regard to the shape of the body. 5. 1.5 The mean temperature of the walls of the body is the arithmetic mean of the mean outside temperature of the body and the mean inside temperature of the body: 6. 1.6 Temperature measuring instruments protected against radiation shall be placed inside and outside the body at the points specified in paragraphs 1.3 and 1.4 of this appendix. 1.7 The mean outside temperatures and the mean inside temperatures of the body, taken over a steady period of not less than 12 hours, shall not vary by more than ± 0.3 K, and these temperatures shall not vary by more than ± 1.0 K during the preceding 6 hours. The difference between the heating power or cooling capacity measured over two periods of not less than 3 hours at the start and at the end of the steady state period, and separated by at least 6 hours, shall be less than 3 %. The mean values of the temperatures and heating power and or cooling capacity over at least the last 6 hours of the steady state period will be used in K coefficient calculation. The mean inside and outside temperatures at the beginning and the end of the calculation period of at least 6 hours shall not differ by more that 0.2 K.