Excise Taxes Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment, benefit, vesting or distribution to or for the benefit of Employee (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise) (a “Payment”) would but for this Section 20 be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or any comparable successor provisions (the “Excise Tax”), then the Payments shall be either (i) provided to Employee in full, or (ii) provided to Employee as to such lesser extent which would result in no portion of such Payments being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, when taking into account applicable income and employment taxes, the Excise Tax, and any other applicable taxes, results in the receipt by Employee on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of Payments, notwithstanding that all or some portion of such Payments may be subject to the Excise Tax. Any determination required under this Section 20 shall be made in writing in good faith by the Company's independent certified public accountants, appointed prior to any change in ownership (as defined under Code Section 280G(b)(2), and/or tax counsel selected by such accountants (the “Accounting Firm”) in accordance with the principles of Section 280G of the Code. In the event of a reduction of Payments hereunder, the Payments shall be reduced as follows: (i) first from cash payments which are included in full as parachute payments, (ii) second from equity awards which are included in full as parachute payments, (iii) third from cash payments which are partially included as parachute payments, and (iv) fourth from equity awards that are partially included as parachute payments. In applying these principles, any reduction or elimination of the Payments shall be made in a manner consistent with the requirements of Code Section 409A and where two economically equivalent amounts are subject to reduction but payable at different times, such amounts shall be reduced on a pro rata basis but not below zero. For purposes of making the calculations required by this Section 20, the Accounting Firm may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faith interpretations concerning the application of the Code, and other applicable legal authority. The Company and Employee shall furnish to the Accounting Firm such information and documents as the Accounting Firm may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section 20. All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company. If, notwithstanding any reduction described in this Section 20, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) determines that Employee is liable for the Excise Tax as a result of the receipt of the Payments as described above, then Employee shall be obligated to pay back to the Company, within thirty (30) days after a final IRS determination or in the event that Employee challenges the final IRS determination, a final judicial determination, a portion of the Payments equal to the “Repayment Amount.” The Repayment Amount with respect to the Payments shall be the smallest such amount, if any, as shall be required to be paid to the Company so that Employee's net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Payments (after taking into account the payment of the Excise Tax and all other applicable taxes imposed on such payment) shall be maximized. The Repayment Amount with respect to the Payments shall be zero if a Repayment Amount of more than zero would not result in Employee’s net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Payments being maximized. If the Excise Tax is not eliminated pursuant to this paragraph, Employee shall pay the Excise Tax. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 20, if (i) there is a reduction in the Payments as described in this Section 20, (ii) the IRS later determines that Employee is liable for the Excise Tax, the payment of which would result in the maximization of Employee’s net after-tax proceeds (calculated as if Employee’s Payments had not previously been reduced), and (iii) Employee pays the Excise Tax, then the Company shall pay to Employee those Payments which were reduced pursuant to this subsection as soon as administratively possible after Employee pays the Excise Tax so that Employee’s net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Payments are maximized. For the avoidance of doubt, Employee acknowledges she is solely responsible for the payment of any Excise Tax and that the Company will not reimburse or otherwise indemnify her for such amount. Any reimbursements or repayments provided under this subsection shall be made strictly in accordance with Section 409A of the Code, including Treasury Regulation 1.409A-3(i)(1)(v). Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any payments or benefits due to Employee hereunder would cause the application of an accelerated or additional tax under Section 409A of the Code (“Section 409A”), such payments or benefits shall be restructured in a manner which does not cause such an accelerated or additional tax. Without limiting the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, to the extent required in order to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Section 409A, amounts that would otherwise be payable and benefits that would otherwise be provided pursuant to this Agreement during the six-month period immediately following Employee’s separation from service shall instead be paid on the first (1st) business day after the date that is six (6) months following Employee’s date of termination (or death, if earlier). In the event that Employee receives reduced payments and benefits as a result of the application of this paragraph, reduction shall be made from payments and benefits which are determined not to be nonqualified deferred compensation for purposes of Section 409A of the Code first, and then shall be made (to the extent necessary) out of payments and benefits which are subject to Section 409A of the Code and which are due at the latest future date, to the extent such reduction would not trigger adverse tax consequences under Section 409A of the Code.
