Common use of Instructions Clause in Contracts

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to The term "Instructions" means instructions from the terms Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder which have been received by the Custodian in accordance with Section 22 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as the Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with the Custodian, or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by the Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to the Custodian, or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as the Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with the Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which the Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Customer by either a tested telex or writing (as in the manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the right to assume in the absence of actions taken notice to the contrary from the Customer that any person whose name is on file with the Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Customer to give the Instructions in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructionsquestion and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Custodian recommends that may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to the Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions transmitted reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined);; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to The term "Instructions" means instructions from the terms Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder which have been received by the Custodian at its address set forth in Section 21 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as the Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with the Custodian, or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by the Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to the Custodian, or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as the Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with the Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which the Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Customer by either a tested telex or writing (as in the manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the right to assume in the absence of actions taken notice to the contrary from the Customer that any person whose name is on file with the Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Customer to give the Instructions in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructionsquestion and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Custodian recommends that may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to the Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions transmitted reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to The term "Instructions" means instructions from the terms Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder which have been received by the Custodian at its address set forth in Section 21 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as the Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with the Custodian, or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by the Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to the Custodian, or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as the Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with the Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which the Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Customer by either a tested telex or writing (as in the manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reasonable reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the right to assume in the absence of actions taken notice to the contrary from the Customer that any person whose name is on file with the Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Customer to give the Instructions in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructionsquestion and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Custodian recommends that may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to the Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions transmitted reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to The term "Instructions" means instructions from the terms Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder which have been received by the Custodian at its address set forth in Section 22 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as the Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with the Custodian, or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by the Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to the Custodian, or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as the Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with the Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which the Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Customer by either a tested telex or writing (as in the manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the right to assume in the absence of actions taken notice to the contrary from the Customer that any person whose name is on file with the Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Customer to give the Instructions in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructionsquestion and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Custodian recommends that may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to the Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions transmitted reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms The term "Instructions" means instructions from Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder that have been received by Custodian at its address set forth in Section 22 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with Custodian; or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to Custodian; or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files upon receipt of such other form of instructions as Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by Customer by tested telex or writing in the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the right to assume in the absence of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends notice to the contrary from Customer that any person whose name is on file with Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by Customer to give the Instructions transmitted in question and that such authorization has not been revoked. Custodian may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to The term "Instructions" means instructions from the terms Customer in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Custodian's duties hereunder which have been received by the Custodian at its address set forth in Section 22 below (i) a in writing manually (including, without limitation, facsimile transmission) or by tested telex signed on behalf or given by such one or more person or persons as the Customer shall have from time to time authorized in writing to give the particular class of a Fund by an Authorized Person; Instructions in question and whose name and (if applicable) signature and office address have been filed with the Custodian, or (ii) which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on-line service and communications system offered by the Custodian or other electronic instruction system acceptable to the Custodian, or (iii) a telephonic or other oral communication by one or more persons as the Customer shall have from a person time to time authorized to give the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes particular class of Instructions in question and whose name has been signed filed with the Custodian; or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files Customer may from time to time authorize in writing and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable which the Custodian has agreed in writing to both partiesaccept. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Customer by either a tested telex or writing (as in the manner set forth in clause (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes Instructions may relate to specific transactions or to types or classes of transactions, and may be in the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodianform of standing instructions. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result the night to assume in the absence of actions taken notice to the contrary from the Customer that any person whose name is on file with the Custodian pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Customer to give the Instructions in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructionsquestion and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Custodian recommends that may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any liability to the Customer or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any Instructions transmitted reasonably believed by a Fund via email it to be done so through a secure system furnished by the proper person or processpersons as provided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or or (v(iv) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files files, and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both partiesParties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties Parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (iv) a communication effected through the internet Internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i1) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii2) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii3) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv4) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v5) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email e-mail be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“Electronic Communication”); or or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund party authorizes the Custodian other party to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, in the absence of fraud, negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Custodian, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by a person authorized to countersign or confirm Special Instructions (as defined below) on behalf of the Fund (each, an “Authorized Person”); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; ; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in its reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication InstructionsInstructions that ultimately are proven to have been unauthorized. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication InstructionsInstructions that it believes in good faith to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication InstructionsInstructions provided that such facsimile or Electronic Communication bears a signature of an Authorized Person that Custodian has no reason to believe is not authentic. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet Internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, subject to compliance with Section 2(a)(iii), the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean means a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i1) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as defined below); (ii2) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii3) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv4) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files files, and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v5) other means reasonably acceptable to both partiesParties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i1) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii3) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above)Communication, but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties Parties acknowledge and agree that, that (A) with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, and (B) with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly. Accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction instruction, or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); , or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of the Fund, which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify the Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if the Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), the Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of the 1940 Act. The term "Foreign Assets", as used herein, shall mean any Asset (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any cash or cash equivalents that are reasonably necessary to effect the Fund's transactions in those Assets.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reasonable reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reasonable reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund or properly Authorized Person on behalf of the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “" Instruction,” , " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized PersonPerso n; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“" Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions fnstructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above)) , a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of the Manager or a Fund, which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instruction s shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination , in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until an Authorized Person re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets, each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction The term "Foreign Assets", as used herein, shall mean any Asset (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any cash or cash equivalents that are reasonably necessary to effect a Fund' s transactions in those Assets. (h) The Manager and the Funds acknowledge that where Instructions or Special Instructions require the Custodian to prepare and submit forms, letters or other writings to third parties on behalf of the Manager or Funds, including but not limited to subscription agreements (or any document, however titled, that performs the same function as a subscription agreement, which shall be defined herein as a "Subscription Agreement"), redemption requests, stock transfers and exchanges of cash for Underlying Shares (" Writings"), the Custodian will prepare but not submit such Writings unless and until all required information necessary to complete a Writing has been submitted by an Authorized Person. The Manager agrees to make available Authorized Persons during normal business hours to work with the Custodian and it affiliates to complete such Writings. The Manager and the Funds acknowledge that the Custodian shall not be liable for its obligations with respect to Writings if such failure results from any delay , error, unavailability or inaccuracy in an Instruction or Special Instruction provided by the Manager, a Fund or an Authorized Person. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties agree that: (a) with respect to each subscription for Underlying Shares, a document substantially in the form of Exhibit l (as the Custodian may amend from time to time) shall be attached to each Subscription Agreement by the Custodian; and (b) the accuracy and completeness of all information provided in a Subscription Agreement, investor questionnaire or other similar document for an Underlying Share is the sole responsibility of the Manager and the applicable Fund, and not the Custodian or its affiliates, regardless of whether the Custodian or its affiliates assist in the completion of the Subscription Agreement, investor questionnaire or similar document. In the event that the investment fund rejects a Subscription Agreement and the document in the form of Exhibit 1, Manager and the Fund will be solely responsible for completing a new Subscription Agreement for the Underlying Share. By providing an Instruction or Special Instruction to complete a Subscription Agreement or other such Writing, Manager and the Fund certify that they has read and approved the relevant offering documents and the Subscription Agreement or other Writing required to be submitted to invest in the foregoing investment.

Instructions. (a) SECTION 4.1. An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund the Company or DST and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a A. A writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund the Company by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined in Section 4.6); (ii) a B. A telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a C. A communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund the Company that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other D. Other means reasonably acceptable to both the parties. SECTION 4.2. Any Instruction that requests a transfer of funds in the form of a wire, ACH transmission or other electronic means shall be subject to the further requirements of the Master Agreement, including compliance with applicable security procedures. The Company may require review and approval of appropriate documentation prior to the initiation of any transfer of funds, including checks. Subject to the foregoing: Instructions in the form of telephonic or other oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Company or DST by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) Section 4.1.A above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) Section 4.1.C above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such telephonic or other oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes The Company and DST authorize the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund the Company or DST via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email e-mail be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or e-mail address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Trust or a Fund, as applicable. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify the relevant Fund of such determination, in which case the Trust or the Fund, as applicable, shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Trust or the relevant Fund, as applicable, shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if the Trust or the Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian, provided that the Custodian did not act, or did not fail to take such an action in contravention of this Agreement, that caused such deadline to be missed. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a and authorized officer of the Fund or its investment adviser and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet Internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet Internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) SECTION 4.1. An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund the Company or DST and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a A. A writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund the Company by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined in Section 4.6); (ii) a B. A telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a C. A communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund the Company that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other D. Other means reasonably acceptable to both the parties. SECTION 4.2. Any Instruction that requests a transfer of funds in the form of a wire, ACH transmission or other electronic means shall be subject to the further requirements of the Master Agreement, including compliance with applicable security procedures. The Company may require review and approval of appropriate documentation prior to the initiation of any transfer of funds, including checks. Subject to the foregoing: Instructions in the form of telephonic or other oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Company or DST by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) Section 4.1.A above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) Section 4.1.C above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such telephonic or other oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes The Company and DST authorize the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund the Company or DST via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund the Company and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund the Company by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund the Company (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Company by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund The Company authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund the Company via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication InstructionsInstructions as set forth in (iii) and (iv), respectively, above. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack Jxxx of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person;Person (as hereinafter defined); Exhibit (g) (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”)) that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions reasonably taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by any officer of a Fund or any other person designated in a written notice by any officer of such Fund (which notice shall be delivered to the Custodian prior to the countersignature or confirmation of an Instruction by such person), which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone number, facsimile transmission number or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any reasonable deadline established by the Custodian.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions, unless such liability is otherwise the result of Custodian’s gross negligence. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund, which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund Fu nd (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instmctions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of a Fund , which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instrnctions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instrnctions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and each Fund. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instruction shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify a Fund of such determination, in which case the Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Fund re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (f) The Fund shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if a Fund delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule l 7f-5(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), each Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defined) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures requfred of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, nothing herein shall prohibit the Custodian from requiring the Fund to transmit email Instructions through a secure system or process if it reasonably determines that it is appropriate to do so and in the best interests of all of its custody clients.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafterd efined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends recommends, but does not require, that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund the Trust and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: : (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund the Trust by an Authorized Person; ; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; ; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person;; 2 (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund the Trust (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) or other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. . (v) Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Trust by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund The Trust authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund the Trust via email be done so through a secure system or process. (b) Special Instructions," as used herein, shall mean Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any other officer of the Trust, which countersignature or confirmation shall be on the same instrument containing the Instructions or on a separate instrument relating thereto. (c) Instructions and Special Instructions shall be delivered to the Custodian at the address and/or telephone, facsimile transmission or email address agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Trust. (d) Where appropriate, Instructions and Special Instructions shall be continuing Instructions. (e) An Authorized Person shall be responsible for assuring the accuracy and completeness of Instructions. If the Custodian reasonably determines that an Instruction is unclear or incomplete, the Custodian may notify the Trust of such determination, in which case the Trust shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian an amended Instruction. The Custodian shall have no obligation to take any action until the Trust re-delivers to the Custodian an Instruction that is clear and complete. (t) The Trust shall be responsible for delivering to the Custodian Instructions or Special Instructions in a timely manner, after considering such factors as the involvement of subcustodians, brokers or agents in a transaction, time zone differences, reasonable industry standards, etc. The Custodian shall have no liability if the Trust delivers Instructions or Special Instructions to the Custodian after any deadline established by the Custodian. (g) By providing Instructions to acquire or hold Foreign Assets (as defined in Rule 17f-S(a)(2) under the 1940 Act), the Trust shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Trust has (i) considered and accepted responsibility for all Sovereign Risks and Country Risks (as hereinafter defmed) associated with investing in a particular country or jurisdiction, and (ii) made all determinations and provided to shareholders and other investors all disclosures required of registered investment companies by the 1940 Act.

Instructions. (a) SECTION 4.1. An “"Instruction,” " as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund the Company and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a A. A writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund the Company by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined in Section 4.6); (ii) a B. A telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a C. A facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a D. A communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund the Company that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“"Electronic Communication”"); or (v) other E. Other means reasonably acceptable to both the parties. SECTION 4.2. Any Instruction that requests a transfer of funds in the form of a wire, ACH transmission or other electronic means shall be subject to the further requirements of the Master Agreement, including compliance with applicable security procedures. The Custodian does not accept facsimile transmissions requesting the transfer of funds. The Company may require review and approval of appropriate documentation prior to the initiation of any transfer of funds, including checks. Subject to the foregoing: Instructions in the form of telephonic or other oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund Company by either a writing (as set forth in (i) A above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) C above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) D above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such telephonic or other oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s 's receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund The Company authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund the Company via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person;: (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or): or EXECUTION COPY (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction The term "Instructions" means instructions from the --- ------------ Custodian or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms in respect of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: Bank's duties hereunder which have been received by the Bank at its address set forth in Section 20 below in writing ,by tested telex or SWIFT/ISITC signed or given by such one or more person or persons as the Custodian or the Fund shall have from time to time authorized to give the particular class of Instructions in question and whose name and (iif applicable) a signature and office address have been filed with the Bank, or which have been transmitted electronically through an electronic on- line service or other similar communications system acceptable to the Bank,, or upon receipt of such other form of instructions as the Fund or the Custodian may from time to time authorize in writing manually signed and which the Bank agrees to accept. A list of those persons initially authorized to act on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that and the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as is set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as Exhibit C hereto. The Bank shall have the right to assume in the absence of notice to the contrary from the Fund or the Custodian that any person whose name is set forth in (iii) above), Exhibit C hereto or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but subsequently placed on file with the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken Bank pursuant to this Section has been authorized by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes or the Custodian to record give the Instructions in question and that such authorization has not been revoked. The Bank may act upon and conclusively rely on, without any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated liability to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimileFund, the Custodian cannot verify that or any other person or entity for any losses resulting therefrom, any instructions reasonably believed by it to be furnished by the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability proper person or persons as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or processprovided above.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reasonable reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reasonable reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means:: EXECUTION COPY (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a Fund by an Authorized Person; (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication Instructions. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.

Instructions. (a) An “Instruction,” as used herein, shall mean a request, direction, instruction or certification initiated by a the Fund and conforming to the terms of this paragraph. An Instruction may be transmitted to the Custodian by any of the following means: (i) a writing manually signed on behalf of a the Fund by an Authorized PersonPerson (as hereinafter defined); (ii) a telephonic or other oral communication from a person the Custodian reasonably believes to be an Authorized Person; (iii) a facsimile transmission that the Custodian reasonably believes has been signed or otherwise originated by an Authorized Person; (iv) a communication effected through the internet or web-based functionality (including without limitation, emails, data files and other communications) on behalf of a the Fund (“Electronic Communication”); or (v) other means reasonably acceptable to both parties. Instructions in the form of oral communications shall be confirmed by the appropriate Fund by either a writing (as set forth in (i) above), a facsimile (as set forth in (iii) above), or an Electronic Communication (as set forth in (iv) above), but the lack of such confirmation shall in no way affect any action taken by the Custodian in reliance upon such oral Instructions received from an Authorized Person prior to the Custodian’s receipt of such confirmation. Each The Fund authorizes the Custodian to record any and all telephonic or other oral Instructions communicated to the Custodian. The parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to Instructions transmitted by facsimile, the Custodian cannot verify that the signature of an Authorized Person has been properly affixed and, with respect to Instructions transmitted by an Electronic Communication, the Custodian cannot verify that the Electronic Communication has been initiated by an Authorized Person; accordingly, the Custodian shall have no liability as a result of actions taken in reliance on unauthorized facsimile or Electronic Communication InstructionsInstructions that it believes in good faith to be genuine. The Custodian recommends that any Instructions transmitted by a the Fund via email be done so through a secure system or process.