Common use of Investing Funds Clause in Contracts

Investing Funds. FT Series All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf of each of their existing and future series that invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).

Investing Funds. FT Series All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf of each of their existing and future series that invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx VanEck ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).

Investing Funds. FT Series Acruence Active Hedge U.S. Equity ETF Adasina Social Justice All Existing Cap Global ETF American Customer Satisfaction ETF ATAC Credit Rotation ETF ATAC Equity Leverage Rotation ETF ATAC US Rotation ETF Aztlan Global Stock Selection DX XXXX ETF Constrained Capital ESG Orphans Daily Inverse ETF Constrained Capital ESG Orphans ETF Elevate Shares 2X Daily BXXX ETF Elevate Shares 2X Daily BLOK ETF Elevate Shares 2X Daily METV ETF FolioBeyond Rising Rates ETF God Bless America ETF Gotham 1000 Value ETF Gotham Enhanced 500 ETF Home Appreciation U.S. REIT ETF Ionic Inflation Protection ETF Leatherback Long/Short Absolute Return ETF Leatherback Long/Short Alternative Yield ETF Newday Diversity, Equity & Inclusion ETF Newday Ocean Health ETF Newday Sustainable Development Equity ETF Noble Absolute Return ETF Rxxxxxxx Alternative Yield Pre-Merger SPAC ETF RPAR Risk Parity ETF SoFi Gig Economy ETF SoFi Next 500 ETF SoFi Select 500 ETF SoFi Smart Energy ETF SoFi Social 50 ETF SoFi Web 3 ETF SoFi Weekly Dividend ETF SoFi Weekly Income ETF SonicShares Global Shipping ETF Sound Enhanced Equity Income ETF Sound Enhanced Fixed Income ETF Sound Equity Income ETF Sound Fixed Income ETF Sound Total Return ETF SP Funds Dow Jxxxx Global Sukuk ETF SP Funds S&P 500 Sharia Industry Exclusions ETF SP Funds S&P Global REIT Sharia ETF Subversive Cannabis ETF Unlimited HFND Multi-Strategy Return Tracker ETF UPAR Ultra Risk Parity ETF ZXXX Buy and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Hxxxx ETF Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor This Agreement applies only to the ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf share class of each of their existing and future series that invests Vanguard Fund listed in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).A.

Investing Funds. FT Series All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 WISDOMTREE TRUST FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated This Fund of Funds Investment Agreement (“Agreement”) is made as of January 19this 19th day of January, 2022, by and between WisdomTree Trust (the “Trust”), on behalf of each of its current and future series, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund”) and FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf of each of their existing current and future series that invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined belowseries, severally and not jointly jointly, set forth on Appendix A (each, each an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).

Investing Funds. FT Registrant: Advanced Series Trust Series: All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each of their existing and future series that invests Vanguard Fund listed in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).A.

Investing Funds. FT Series Guardian All Existing and Future Series First Trust ExchangeCap Core VIP Fund Guardian Balanced Allocation VIP Fund Guardian Core Fixed Income VIP Fund Guardian Core Plus Fixed Income VIP Fund Guardian Diversified Research VIP Fund Guardian Equity Income VIP Fund Guardian Global Utilities VIP Fund Guardian Growth & Income VIP Fund Guardian Integrated Research VIP Fund Guardian International Growth VIP Fund Guardian International Value VIP Fund Guardian Large Cap Disciplined Growth VIP Fund Guardian Large Cap Disciplined Value VIP Fund Guardian Large Cap Fundamental Growth VIP Fund Guardian Mid Cap Relative Value VIP Fund Guardian Mid Cap Traditional Growth VIP Fund Guardian Multi-Traded Sector Bond VIP Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust ExchangeGuardian Select Mid Cap Core VIP Fund Guardian Short Duration Bond VIP Fund Guardian Small Cap Core VIP Fund Guardian Small-Traded Mid Cap Core VIP Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Guardian Strategic Large Cap Core VIP Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Guardian Total Return Bond VIP Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Guardian U.S. Government Securities VIP Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Xxxxxxx 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf of each of their existing and future series that invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).

Investing Funds. FT Series All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII All Existing and Future Series First Trust Series Fund All Existing and Future Series First Trust Variable Insurance Trust All Existing and Future Series Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Admiral Funds Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Bond Index Funds Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund * This Agreement applies only to the ETF share class of each Vanguard Fund listed in Schedule A. Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Ultra-Short Bond ETF Vanguard Charlotte Funds Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund Vanguard Index Funds Vanguard 500 Index Fund Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Vanguard Growth Index Fund Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Value Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Malvern Funds Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Rxxxxxx Russell 3000 Index Fund Vanguard Funds* Vanguard Specialized Funds Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard STAR Funds Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Vanguard Wellington Fund Vanguard U.S. Liquidity Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF Vanguard U.S. Momentum Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Multifactor ETF Vanguard U.S. Quality Factor ETF Vanguard U.S. Value Factor ETF Vanguard Whitehall Funds Vanguard High Divided Yield Index Fund Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund Vanguard World Fund Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund FORM OF RULE 12d1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of January 19, 2022, between FT Series, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Series Fund, and First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, on behalf of each of their existing and future series that invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on the Rule as such terms are defined below, severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquiring Fund”), and each series of VxxXxx ETF Trust (except such series listed on Schedule B which may be amended from time to time), severally and not jointly (each, an “Acquired Fund” and together with the Acquiring Fund[s], the “Funds”).