Nominal agreement in Dutch Sample Clauses

Nominal agreement in Dutch. Dutch is a language with a two-gender system (Xxxxxxx, 1958). The gender system is somewhere in between English and German, since it has less distinctions than German (with a three-way gender system), but more than English (Xxxxxxxxx, 2002). However, the system is different from the Spanish gender system, because Dutch makes a distinction between common and neuter nouns (Blom, Polisenska, & Xxxxxxx, 2008). When a Dutch noun is singular and neuter, it is used with the definite article het and in all other cases, the definite article de is used (Blom, Xxxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2008). For example, the definite article de comes before the word stoel (chair) and the definite article het follows neuter words such as xxxxxx (sheep) or bureau (desk). However, when the noun is used as a plural, it is always preceded by the definite article de. The majority of nouns are common nouns that thus precede the definite article de. According to the estimations of Berkum (1996), the de-nouns occur two to three times more than het-nouns. Additionally, there are also some double-gender nouns and different-gender homonyms. Double-gender nouns can take both de and het as determiner without changing the meaning (de/het aas–the ace, de/het deksel–the lid, de/het risico–the risk). However, most of the time one gender is preferred above the other. Different-gender homonyms are similar nouns with a different determiner which determines the meaning of the noun. De eigendom for example means ownership and het eigendom is a possession. Also, de bal has a different meaning from het bal. The first word means ball as in football and the second word is used for a ball in the meaning of a dance. There are no rules for the categorisation of gender in Dutch, but there is some pattern. However, there are a lot of exceptions (OnzeTaal, 2012). Diminutives, names of languages, countries and cities, metals, and words beginning with ont-, or ending in -isme usually are het-nouns. Fruits, trees and plants normally precede de, as well as names of rivers, mountains, numbers, letters, nouns indicating persons and words ending in -xxxx or -nis. There are many other patterns, but there are also a lot of exceptions. Therefore, one of the elements in Dutch that has to agree with the noun is the definite article (Berkum, 1996). However, this is only the case with singular nouns. Plural nouns always take de as definite article. There are also some other elements that have to agree with the noun: the demonstrati...
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