Nominal agreement Sample Clauses

Nominal agreement. Languages differ in the ways in which they express relations between words, but the ultimate goal for all expressions is to make the message as clear as possible for the hearer or reader. One way of doing this is to use agreement and agreement features, such as Romance languages do, like Spanish and Italian (Carreiras, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2015). In these languages, the information of the gender and number of the noun is displayed in other elements, such as determiners and adjectives. This feature is called nominal agreement. In Spanish, nominal agreement can be divided into number and gender agreement, meaning that both the number and the gender of the noun correspond to potential target elements. This study focuses on number and gender agreement of Spanish as a second language. The linguist Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (1958) defined gender as “classes of nouns reflected in the behaviour of associated words” (pp. 231). A language can have two or more genders (Xxxxxxx, 1991). These genders may correspond to a real-world distinction of sex, such as masculine, feminine and neuter, but this is not exceptional. Grammatical gender is a system found in many languages, but not all languages make use of this grammatical gender. It is different from natural gender, which is found in all languages (Xxxxxx & Kempe, 2014). Natural gender is the distinction between masculine and feminine and grammatical gender is a linguistic category which is assigned to all nouns. Therefore, grammatical gender is only a formal category which does not refer to the biological difference between male and female (Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2006). Grammatical gender, unlike case or number, is an essential property of the noun, because it controls agreement between the noun and some potential target elements (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxx, 2003). These elements can be articles, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, numerals or prepositions. The assignment of grammatical gender can in some cases be predictable, but is regularly arbitrary and different in every language. The word chair for example is feminine in Spanish (la silla) and masculine in Hebrew (אסיכ). Grammatical gender languages have two or more classes of gender (Xxxxxxx, 1991), but the number and type of classes can differ along languages. Spanish has two classes (masculine and feminine), while German uses three classes (masculine, feminine and neuter) and some Bantu languages even have 23 different classes of gender (Xxxxxx & Kempe, 2014)...
Sample 1
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