Overlay Network and Distributed Sample Clauses

Overlay Network and Distributed. Hash Table (DHT) Overlay networks are infrastructures built on top of other (underlying) network infrastructures, typically the current Internet, to provide a totally different network structure and behaviour. They have their own routing algorithms, which are used to locate the destination node and also to deliver packets/messages from one to another intermediate node towards the destination. Each node is typically identified by its own identifier, which is not an address like in IP. However, each routing algorithm may impose certain constraints to the identifiers, such as being sensitive to some distance function to measure the distance between each pair of nodes. The Distributed Hash Table (DHT) is, as its name suggests, a hash table that is distributed across a group of network nodes. DHTs are typically built on top of overlay networks because they fit in the routing and node location requirements of the typical workload. DHT based systems allows the finding of a value by giving the key associated to that value, for example to find a location of a file given its filename [23]. The systems that implement this principle are fully decentralized, scalable, achieve load-balancing, provide certain level of fault tolerance, and most of them have theoretically provable correctness and performance. The main drawback of such systems is their inability to support complex queries, i.e. they support only exact-match search, although there are some approaches that support such capability through an ontology-based approach (as discussed in Section 2.2.3). Also, the approaches found in [24, 25] overcome this problem by introducing extra complexity to the system. The simplest DHT operates as follows: A user wants to publish a value in the network. Some identifier for that value is hashed to produce a unique key. Then, the specific routing algorithm and look-up function of the DHT is used to find the node that will host the key/value mapping (or, in some approaches, the closest node to it). When the appropriate next-hop node is found, this key/value pair is propagated in the DHT overlay network to reach it. If another user want to obtain the value, a similar procedure is initiated: the user obtains the key by hashing the identifier of the value; then it uses the routing algorithm to obtain the node (or the closest node) that has the mapping; finally, it requests the value to the appropriate next-hop of the overlay network and it sends back the value. The typical length o...
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