Particle size-distributions Sample Clauses

Particle size-distributions. In D2.10, several methods were assessed for quantification of particle size-distributions according to the EC recommended definition of a NM. It was concluded that electron microscopy was the most suitable technique for sizing the minimum particle diameter size-distribution of a NM sample. A suite of thoroughly tested SOPs were been developed to enable production of comparable results. The SOPs include sample preparation methods, imaging methods, image analysis, and data-treatment. The SOPs were all applied on near-spherical and fractal-like MNM in an inter-laboratory comparison test using up to 9 different laboratories. The results showed that all materials could be sized quantitatively with in most cases with less than 10% uncertainty. It should be mentioned that the relative uncertainty is expected to vary with size and the morphological complexity of the materials. It was found that the sample preparation was the most critical step to enable a good analysis and that a full quantification following the established SOPs can be done with reasonable work-effort using semi-automatic analysis. There are on-going developments to enable higher levels of automation, which will reduce the time for analysis even further. WP2 did not specifically test SOPs for sizing flakes and fibrous NM. SOPs based on Scanning Electron Micoscopy -imaging were applied for fibers and tubes (nanocellulose and carbon nanotubes). Whereas fibrous objects that can be dispersed can be sized for both length and diameters, it is still not possible to provide good quantitative length data for entangled materials. This challenge may be solved by improved sample preparation techniques. The quantitative measurement of fibers, entangled fibers and odd structures should be considered in future work. Whereas, electron microscopy techniques are technologically well advanced, there are still challenges in accurate sizing around the lower end of the nanoscale. The application of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for sizing flakes should also be considered in future research. A tiered approach applying also other techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry methods) for sizing very small nanoparticles around 1 nm-size may also need to be considered.
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Related to Particle size-distributions

  • When Must Distributions from a Xxxx XXX Begin Unlike Traditional IRAs, there is no requirement that you begin distribution of your account during your lifetime at any particular age.

  • When Must Distributions from a Traditional IRA Begin You must begin receiving the assets in your account no later than April 1 following the calendar year in which you reach RMD age.

  • Qualified Distributions Qualified distributions from your Xxxx XXX (both the contributions and earnings) are not included in your income. A qualified distribution is a distribution which is made after the expiration of the five-year period beginning January 1 of the first year for which you made a contribution to any Xxxx XXX (including a conversion from a Traditional IRA), and is made on account of one of the following events. • Attainment of age 59½ • Disability • First-time homebuyer purchase • Death For example, if you made a contribution to your Xxxx XXX for 2007, the five-year period for determining whether a distribution is a qualified distribution is satisfied as of January 1, 2012.

  • Qualified Reservist Distributions If you are a qualified reservist member called to active duty for more than 179 days or an indefinite period, the payments you take from your IRA during the active duty period are not subject to the 10 percent early distribution penalty tax. 10) Qualified birth or adoption. Payments from your IRA for the birth of your child or the adoption of an eligible adoptee will not be subject to the 10 percent early distribution penalty tax if the distribution is taken during the one-year period beginning on the date of birth of your child or the date on which your legal adoption of an eligible adoptee is finalized. An eligible adoptee means any individual (other than your spouse’s child) who has not attained age 18 or is physically or mentally incapable of self-support. The aggregate amount you may take for this reason may not exceed $5,000 for each birth or adoption. You must file IRS Form 5329 along with your income tax return to the IRS to report and remit any additional taxes or to claim a penalty tax exception.

  • Required Distributions Generally, when you die, designated beneficiary(ies) who are individuals may elect to deplete the Xxxx XXX by the end of the fifth calendar year following your death or to receive payments based on the designated beneficiary(ies)’s life expectancy. If life expectancy payments are elected, the payments must generally begin by December 31 of the first calendar year following your death. If your surviving spouse is your sole designated beneficiary, he or she may delay the first distribution until December 31 of the year you would have attained age 70½, if later. If your designated beneficiary is not an individual or qualified trust (e.g., a charity, your estate, etc.), your Xxxx XXX must be distributed by the end of the fifth calendar year following your death. Generally, each beneficiary may elect the timing and manner regarding the distribution of his or her portion of the Xxxx XXX. Elections must generally be made by December 31 of the year following your death. If timely elections are not made, distributions to designated beneficiaries who are individuals will be made using the life expectancy option. The default provision for designated beneficiaries that are not individuals is the 5-year method. If your beneficiary(ies) fails to withdraw the required amount in any tax year, he or she may be subject to a 50% excess accumulation penalty tax on the amount that should have been withdrawn but was not distributed. If your surviving spouse is the sole designated beneficiary of your Xxxx XXX, he/she may treat your Xxxx XXX as his or her own Xxxx XXX by redesignating your Xxxx XXX as his or her own Xxxx XXX, failing to take a required distribution as a beneficiary, or by making a contribution. Regardless of whether your spouse is your sole designated beneficiary, he or she may roll distributions from your Xxxx XXX into his or her own Xxxx XXX generally within 60 days of receipt. Additional restrictions may apply. CUSTODIAN NOT YOUR ADVISOR UMB Bank, n.a., UMB Distribution Services, LLC, Grand Distributions Services, LLC, and UMB Fund Services, Inc. expressly disclaim any right, duty, authority or responsibility to furnish legal or tax advice relating to your IRA, including but not limited to present or future tax consequences to you or others which may result from the establishment or maintenance of the Custodial Account, the permissible amounts or deductibility of contributions, the effect of withdrawals, the selection of payment options or beneficiaries, any matters pertaining to prohibited transactions, and any other matter whatsoever. You are advised and encouraged to consult with professional counsel of your own selection respecting all such matters.

  • How Are Distributions From a Traditional IRA Taxed for Federal Income Tax Purposes Amounts distributed to you are generally includable in your gross income in the taxable year you receive them and are taxable as ordinary income. To the extent, however, that any part of a distribution constitutes a return of your nondeductible contributions, it will not be included in your income. The amount of any distribution excludable from income is the portion that bears the same ratio as your aggregate non-deductible contributions bear to the balance of your Traditional IRA at the end of the year (calculated after adding back distributions during the year). For this purpose, all of your Traditional IRAs are treated as a single Traditional IRA. Furthermore, all distributions from a Traditional IRA during a taxable year are to be treated as one distribution. The aggregate amount of distributions excludable from income for all years cannot exceed the aggregate non-deductible contributions for all calendar years. You must elect the withholding treatment of your distribution, as described in paragraph 22 below. No distribution to you or anyone else from a Traditional IRA can qualify for capital gains treatment under the federal income tax laws. Similarly, you are not entitled to the special five- or ten-year averaging rule for lump-sum distributions that may be available to persons receiving distributions from certain other types of retirement plans. Historically, so-called “excess distributions” to you as well as “excess accumulations” remaining in your account as of your date of death were subject to additional taxes. These additional taxes no longer apply. Any distribution that is properly rolled over will not be includable in your gross income.

  • How Are Distributions from a Xxxx XXX Taxed for Federal Income Tax Purposes Amounts distributed to you are generally excludable from your gross income if they (i) are paid after you attain age 59½, (ii) are made to your beneficiary after your death, (iii) are attributable to your becoming disabled, (iv) subject to various limits, the distribution is used to purchase a first home or, in limited cases, a second or subsequent home for you, your spouse, or you or your spouse’s grandchild or ancestor, or (v) are rolled over to another Xxxx XXX. Regardless of the foregoing, if you or your beneficiary receives a distribution within the five-taxable-year period starting with the beginning of the year to which your initial contribution to your Xxxx XXX applies, the earnings on your account are includable in taxable income. In addition, if you roll over (convert) funds to your Xxxx XXX from another individual retirement plan (such as a Traditional IRA or another Xxxx XXX into which amounts were rolled from a Traditional IRA), the portion of a distribution attributable to rolled-over amounts which exceeds the amounts taxed in connection with the conversion to a Xxxx XXX is includable in income (and subject to penalty tax) if it is distributed prior to the end of the five-tax-year period beginning with the start of the tax year during which the rollover occurred. An amount taxed in connection with a rollover is subject to a 10% penalty tax if it is distributed before the end of the five-tax-year period. As noted above, the five-year holding period requirement is measured from the beginning of the five-taxable-year period beginning with the first taxable year for which you (or your spouse) made a contribution to a Xxxx XXX on your behalf. Previously, the law required that a separate five-year holding period apply to regular Xxxx XXX contributions and to amounts contributed to a Xxxx XXX as a result of the rollover or conversion of a Traditional IRA. Even though the holding period requirement has been simplified, it may still be advisable to keep regular Xxxx XXX contributions and rollover/ conversion Xxxx XXX contributions in separate accounts. This is because amounts withdrawn from a rollover/conversion Xxxx XXX within five years of the rollover/conversion may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. As noted above, a distribution from a Xxxx XXX that complies with all of the distribution and holding period requirements is excludable from your gross income. If you receive a distribution from a Xxxx XXX that does not comply with these rules, the part of the distribution that constitutes a return of your contributions will not be included in your taxable income, and the portion that represents earnings will be includable in your income. For this purpose, certain ordering rules apply. Amounts distributed to you are treated as coming first from your non-deductible contributions. The next portion of a distribution is treated as coming from amounts which have been rolled over (converted) from any non-Xxxx IRAs in the order such amounts were rolled over. Any remaining amounts (including all earnings) are distributed last. Any portion of your distribution which does not meet the criteria for exclusion from gross income may also be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Note that to the extent a distribution would be taxable to you, neither you nor anyone else can qualify for capital gains treatment for amounts distributed from your account. Similarly, you are not entitled to the special five- or ten- year averaging rule for lump-sum distributions that may be available to persons receiving distributions from certain other types of retirement plans. Rather, the taxable portion of any distribution is taxed to you as ordinary income. Your Xxxx XXX is not subject to taxes on excess distributions or on excess amounts remaining in your account as of your date of death. You must indicate on your distribution request whether federal income taxes should be withheld on a distribution from a Xxxx XXX. If you do not make a withholding election, we will not withhold federal or state income tax. Note that, for federal tax purposes (for example, for purposes of applying the ordering rules described above), Xxxx IRAs are considered separately from Traditional IRAs.

  • Other Distributions In case the Company shall fix a record date for the making of a distribution to all holders of shares of its Common Stock of securities, evidences of indebtedness, assets, cash, rights or warrants (excluding Ordinary Cash Dividends, dividends of its Common Stock and other dividends or distributions referred to in Section 13(A)), in each such case, the Exercise Price in effect prior to such record date shall be reduced immediately thereafter to the price determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the reduction by the quotient of (x) the Market Price of the Common Stock on the last trading day preceding the first date on which the Common Stock trades regular way on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading without the right to receive such distribution, minus the amount of cash and/or the Fair Market Value of the securities, evidences of indebtedness, assets, rights or warrants to be so distributed in respect of one share of Common Stock (such amount and/or Fair Market Value, the “Per Share Fair Market Value”) divided by (y) such Market Price on such date specified in clause (x); such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed. In such event, the number of Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant shall be increased to the number obtained by dividing (x) the product of (1) the number of Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant before such adjustment, and (2) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the distribution giving rise to this adjustment by (y) the new Exercise Price determined in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence. In the case of adjustment for a cash dividend that is, or is coincident with, a regular quarterly cash dividend, the Per Share Fair Market Value would be reduced by the per share amount of the portion of the cash dividend that would constitute an Ordinary Cash Dividend. In the event that such distribution is not so made, the Exercise Price and the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant then in effect shall be readjusted, effective as of the date when the Board of Directors determines not to distribute such shares, evidences of indebtedness, assets, rights, cash or warrants, as the case may be, to the Exercise Price that would then be in effect and the number of Shares that would then be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant if such record date had not been fixed.

  • Contract Distribution The Employer will provide all current and new employees with a link to the new Agreement. Each department or unit will maintain a paper copy of the contract accessible to all employees.

  • When Can I Make Contributions You may make annual contributions to your Xxxx XXX any time up to and including the due date for filing your tax return for the year, not including extensions. You may continue to make regular contributions to your Xxxx XXX even after you attain RMD age. In addition, rollover contributions and transfers (to the extent permitted as discussed below) may be made at any time, regardless of your age.

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