Future Research Clause Samples

Future Research. ‌ A review of the role of fathers in the development and treatment of child emotional disorders found that fathers have a significant and distinctive role to play in children’s mental health (▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2008). As few fathers participated, a comparison of mothers’ and fathers’ responses was unavailable; however an examination of paternal and maternal perspectives is important for future studies. The proposed model assumes that the way in which parents speak about their child in the FMSS reflects their interactions with the child on a day-to-day basis. This assumption is also reflected in clinical settings; ▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2002) found that parent criticism (as measured using the CFI) was associated with independent ratings of perceived parent maltreatment potential by clinicians. Support for the association between daily interactions and EE ratings is supported in the literature. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and colleagues (2004) found that criticism, but not EOI, was related to observed parent-child interactions. It should be noted that this is not necessarily always the case however (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1995), and future research is needed to test the extent to which EE relates to actual parenting behaviour and aspects of the parent-child relationship. The current results, and evidence from previous literature, indicates that parental appraisals of the problem as threatening, parent mood and high EE are inter-related variables that have the potential to make a meaningful impact on our knowledge and treatment of parenting problems and child difficulties. Prospective or experimental designs are required to determine the relationship between EE in the parent-child dyad and parent psychosocial aspects. The Cognitive Model of Caregiving proposes that cognitive and affective changes will occur as a result of caring (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2010), however the current data do not exclude the possibility that parents had pre-existing affective disturbance. Pre-existing mood difficulties have been shown to increase parental burden of caregiving (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 1998). Causal relationships could be investigated through longitudinal, prospective designs in non-clinical samples. For example, prospective research designs are needed to test the impact of pre-existing parental affective disturbance on the subsequent development of child difficulties, parent parents’ use of less adaptive coping responses, threatening problem appraisals and available social support. Future...

Future Research. In my studies, attackers were in an advantaged position and therefore benefited more than defenders from the peaceful alternatives to conflict that were provided. Further experimental research could therefore examine ways in which to alleviate conflict while archiving more equitable outcomes.

Future Research. The findings in Chapter 2 on the open versus closed innovation contradiction in collaborations of heterogeneous actors suggests several avenues for future research. First, future open innovation research should focus on doing longitudinal process studies (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1999). Especially in more digitally-mediated settings studying longitudinal dynamics of opening and closing is feasible given changes can be tracked through digital traces (Kallinikos, Aaltonen, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2013). Second, we encourage open innovation scholars to connect to platform research and study open innovation through system architectures. Third, future research should push towards making open innovation a dynamic and two-dimensional construct. To ease this transition scholars can build on the insights from contradictions literature (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2016), which provides several perspectives (e.g. dualism and duality) that can serve different types of open innovation research including further work on open innovation as paradox (Dragsdahl ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & Karafyllia, 2018). Fourth, our study shows that collaborative innovation is challenging especially in settings having open knowledge flows and open system architectures. We used this as an argument for studying contradictions as well as for collaborations between heterogeneous actors, and encourage future research to extend this further. Chapter 3 contributes to literature on interorganizational collaboration (▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2012b; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, Jarvenpaa, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2015), in particular to the emergent stream of research on distributed collaborations (▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014; ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2012a; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇, & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2014) between heterogeneous actors (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2012; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇, & ▇▇▇▇▇, 2018), and has implications for research on digital infrastructures and platforms (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2015; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2018). The first contribution of our study is that we introduce the concept of micro-alliances to interorganizational collaboration literature. We show that a seemingly integrated interorganizational collaboration can involve multiple embedded micro-alliances that consist of organizations with heterogeneous understandings, perspectives, and interests. Micro-alliances have the fluidity to emerge and dissolve where necessary, and thereby can split up and unite actors where possible. The distinction between decision-making and endorsing actors contributes to the flexibility ...

Future Research. In my studies, attackers were in an advantaged position and therefore benefited more than defenders from the peaceful alternatives to conflict that were provided. Further experimental research could therefore examine ways in which to alleviate conflict while archiving more equitable outcomes. In chapter 4, I show that carrying capacity stress can lead to a break-down in in-group cooperation on a productive club good and a (partial) switch to out-group aggression. The interaction between environmental and economic conditions, within-group dynamics, and intergroup cooperation and competition is an understudied area, and experimental researchers have only begun to explore it. For example, it has been suggested that economic threat and turmoil gives rise to authoritarian leadership structures (e.g., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 2017). Further research could explore if and how uncertain economic conditions affect support for leadership institutions, and if, in turn, such institutions might increase outgroup aggression. In a similar vein, researchers could explore the use of punishment if club good returns turn (un-)certain. It would be interesting to investigate whether groups under (un-)certainty would increase punishment not only to prevent free-riding, but also, depending on the condition, to curb club good contributions vs outgroup aggression. Economic games abstract from specific contextual details of a situation and attempt to model the critical features of the phenomena under question, hoping to achieve a generalized understanding. Economic experiments are also limited, however, by using such an artificial and stylized environment. De Dreu et al. (2016, 2022) show that conflict dynamics found in the experimental study of the AD-C extend to other data such as corporate takeovers and interstate disputes. Further research could validate my findings by integrating them with data from real-world settings. For example, it would be interesting to see if countries or companies in a “defending” position exhibit higher defense spending (e.g., investment in marketing rather than new product development) and negative economic growth and how inequality between attacking and defending parties is affected.

Future Research. Further studies of the validity of the scales of this instrument will focus on the question whether the ♙TGR scales are more strongly than explicitly measured God representations associated with other related constructs such as core aspects of per- sonality pathology. ♙lso, we will investigate whether changes in therapy outcomes are related to changes in implicit God representations and whether these changes predict (some) therapy outcomes better than changes in explicitly measured God representa- tions. ♙▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, S. J., Clemence, ♙. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (1999). Use of the T♙T in the assessment of DSM-IV Cluster B personality disorders. Journal of Personality ♙no, G. G., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: ♙ meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 461-480. doi:▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/10.1002/jclp.20049 ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ♙., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, P. (2010). Mentalization based treatment for borderline personality disorder. World Psychiatry, 9(1), 11-15. ▇▇▇▇, M. B. (1995). Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI). Manual. Los ♙ngeles, C♙: Western Psychological Services. ▇▇▇▇, M. B., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (1988). Do object relations deficits distinguish BPD from other diagnostic groups? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(4), 511-516. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ♙. E. (1983). Religiosity and mental health: ♙ critical reevaluation and meta-analysis. Professional psychology: Research and practice, 14(2), 170. doi:▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/10.1037/0735-7028.14.2.170 ▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., & ▇▇▇▇, ▇. (2012). ♙pplied multidimensional scaling. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (1994). The relationship of God image to level of object relations development. Journal of psychology and theology, 352-371. doi:▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇/10.1177/009164719402200420 ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. (1997). PROXSC♙L: ♙ multidimensional scaling program for individual differences scaling with constraints. Softstat, 97, 67-74. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ♙. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17): Sage publications. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., Piedmont, ▇. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇., & ▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (2003). Changes in clients' images of God over the course of outpatient therapy. Counseling and Values, 47(2), 96-108. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instrume...

Future Research. As this study appears to be the first to have combined conditioning and trauma film paradigms, the results require replication. The exact mechanism by which the update group experienced fewer PTSD symptoms is unclear and future studies could add tighter control groups. If the results are replicated and experimental effect is established, a study using cognitive behavioural techniques as an early preventative intervention in real-life settings (such as A&E) would be warranted to establish whether updating techniques can further limit the development of PTSD. This would be an expansion of the Rothbaum et al. (2008) study which found that exposure was an effective early intervention to reduce depression and post- traumatic reactions. It would be interesting to repeat the Rothbaum et al. (2008) study with the addition of an cognitive update group to see whether this would enhance effectiveness further. Further studies investigating whether increased conditioned fear acquisition predicts the development of PTSD in experimental settings, in at-risk groups prior to trauma exposure and in settings targeting people shortly after trauma exposure (e.g. A&E), would help to determine whether this could be a reliable index for identifying people vulnerable to PTSD development. Further to this, it would be useful to expand on pilot studies investigating whether the acquisition response is associated with treatment outcome (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2011). For example, it might be predicted that those who show a stronger acquisition response are more likely to develop PTSD and are therefore more likely to derive therapeutic gain from early intervention. In addition, further research into the relationship between acquisition, US devaluation/extinction and PTSD development is warranted. Future studies could add control groups to elucidate the mechanisms that may be reducing intrusions and PTSD symptoms in the update group. For example, it may be that the update group experienced fewer intrusions due to changing the meaning of the films, that the addition of new verbal information disrupted consolidation or it may be the combination that has therapeutic benefit. ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇▇▇’▇ (2000) cognitive model of PTSD would predict that targeting both the disorganised nature of the trauma memory and the negative appraisals of the trauma are helpful in reducing PTSD symptoms. It would be interesting to attempt to experimentally separate these processes to establish relative effect. A control gro...

Future Research. Additional analyses would contribute to this research and the greater public health implications. This analysis examined whether the single maximal density of parasitemia experienced by a participant was associated with the health outcomes. However, this does not allow the maximal use of the available longitudinal data. Additional analyses could explore whether the number of episodes of malaria affected outcomes and the effect of each episode of parasitemia experienced by the participant. For outcomes such as severe malaria and severe anemia which could have occurred multiple times throughout the course of follow-up, these analyses could assess incidence, rather than occurrence of outcomes. Such longitudinal analysis would provide more detailed information on the association between parasitemia and outcomes than is presented here. This research examined stunting, underweight, and wasting as health outcomes. However, literature shows that these conditions can influence the manifestation and severity of malaria as well (▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2009; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2004; ▇▇▇▇▇▇ & ▇▇▇, 2015). Thus, although this research controlled for baseline the measures, future research could assess the influence of stunting, underweight, and wasting as predictors for death, severe anemia, and severe malaria. In addition, the trial collected measures on other health outcomes, such as neurological outcomes, pneumonia, sepsis, and gastroenteritis, that could be assessed for association with parasitemia or the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine. Finally, a replication of the analyses of the outcomes and predictors included in this research on the data from all 11 sites in the RTS,S/AS01E trial would increase both the power and the generalizability of the results. ▇▇▇▇▇, N., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, D., ▇▇▇▇▇, J., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. A., ▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. C…Vigneron, L. (2008). Efficacy of GSK Biologicals’ candidate malaria vaccine (257049) against malaria disease caused by P. falciparum infection in infants and children in Africa. Clinical Trials. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/show/NCT00866619 ▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. A., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, S. G., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, A. M., ▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇▇▇▇, ▇. ▇., ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇. M…▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, M. G. C. (2015). The association between nutritional status and malaria in children from a rural community in the Amazonian region: A longitudinal study. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(4). Retrieved from ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pnt...

Future Research. Taking into consideration the results of the study as well as considering limitations of the study in question, which are indicated in Chapter 3 of this study, recommendations for further research are suggested. First, the results of this study have proven that students being one of the important stakeholders of the teaching and learning process play a vital role in promoting and efficient implementation of formative assessment. Therefore, it would be beneficial for further research to explore students’ beliefs and understandings of formative assessment. This investigation will help reduce the level of students’ low motivation. According to lesson plan analysis, it can be claimed that some teachers have indicated formative assessment as a separate task to check and monitor students’ progress. This informs the researcher about the insufficiency of teachers’ practical knowledge.

Future Research. The FWC needs to identify funding sources for the following proposed projects. Determine the appropriateness of the FWC Eagle Management Guidelines. Upon delisting the bald eagle in Florida, the FWC proposes to determine the level of protection needed to ensure a stable or increasing eagle population. This would include evaluating the need for and if needed, the required size of buffer zones around active or alternate bald eagle nests, and how many nesting territories need to be protected to ensure a stable or increasing population. Current guidelines provide for buffer zones to be maintained around abandoned eagle nests for five consecutive nesting seasons. The FWC proposes to determine to what degree abandoned eagle nests may be reoccupied. The FWC proposes to compare bald eagle data from Florida collected post-delisting with data collected pre-delisting to determine changes in population trends, management effects, and territory occupancy potentially resulting from the delisting protections or modifications. Investigate the utility of a population viability analysis (PVA) to address specific questions about bald eagles in Florida. A PVA can be of great use to modeling anticipated threats to bald eagles, such as those from continued encroachment of nest buffers by human activities. A PVA may also allow the determination of a conservation “end point,” after which regulation of land-use of private lands that support eagle nests may no longer be necessary. Many components and parameters need to be considered to conduct an accurate PVA, including data on bald eagle survivorship, movements, and reproductive rates. The usefulness of a PVA will be evaluated based on questions that may be answered with available data. Test the Bald Eagle Habitat Index of Viability (BEHIV) model to determine its value and accuracy as a tool for management. The BEHIV analysis (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. in review) uses GIS to score bald eagle nests in Florida based on several site-specific parameters. This analysis may identify the long-term stability of eagle nesting habitats, and could be used to aid the decision-making process when considering whether to regulate land-use within eagle nesting territories. Many eagles forage or loaf at landfills, where they may be exposed to secondary pentobarbital poisoning or other dangers. The FWC proposes to monitor the use of landfills by bald eagles in Florida, examining non-nesting roost populations, temporal use, age-class, land use, and other topic...