Weaknesses - "E-fuel contribution Sample Clauses

Weaknesses - "E-fuel contribution scenario Despite vastly decreasing the Tank-To-Wheel carbon emissions, the combustion of e-fuels in the ICE of vehicles will continue emitting pollutants. Truck diesel engines emit a mixture of air pollutants, comprising of gaseous and solid material; the latter refers to diesel particulate matter (PM). The use of air pollutants-free energy sources for transport mobility purposes in the urban areas (e.g. electric cars, small electric trucks, etc.) will result in a substantial reduction of the air pollutants concentration in the urban agglomerations. However, people will continue to be exposed to PM (emitted from compression ignition engines of trucks) during travelling on motorways. Similarly, the use of ICE will incur negative externalities due to noise levels; nevertheless, the noise impact will only affect residences located in the rural areas and close to road networks where trucks circulate. Another weakness of this scenario is that it requires substantial amounts of electricity to produce the e-fuels for transport. The transformation process pathways involve energy conversions which incur energy losses: electricity produced from RES needs to be transformed into hydrogen, which in turn is transformed into synthetic liquid fuels for transport. One could argue that the exploitation of the excess RES production (i.e. which would be generated in any case and not be exploited) into producing synthetic fuels for transport is beneficial, despite the energy losses. However, for the purposes of the “E-fuel contribution” scenario, the excess RES production is not adequate to produce the synthetic fuels needed in transport. Significant investments in further expanding the RES capacity as well as expenditures associated with expanding and improving power grids.
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Related to Weaknesses - "E-fuel contribution

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