Zeroing. This function allows you to zero a sensor or group of sensors. When a sensor is zeroed the gas value reads zero when there is no gas applied to the detection head. To zero a sensor, proceed as follows:
Zeroing. To zero an input signal press ‘ZERO’ key (F2) in the “measuring mode” display. The menu shows the different inputs that can be zeroed, consisting of pressure inputs and the electrical inputs. Select the desired input using the ‘ARROW’ keys. By pressing the ‘BACK’ key (F3) the zeroing procedure is stopped without making modifications. By pressing ‘ENTER’ key (F1) the zeroing procedure is continued and there is asked to confirm the zeroing procedure after which the calibrator returns to measuring mode. When zeroing the ‘Pressure Input’, ensure that the pressure ports are open to atmospheric pressure. The TRAQC-8 DPC comes standard with a quick connect coupling with integraded shut off valve. This can be opened by: Connect/insert the other half of the coupling to the pressure coupling (-port) of the TRAQC-8 DPC Connect one side of a pressure hose to the pressure coupling (-port) of the TRAQC-8 DPC and leave the other side of the hose unconnected. With these procedures the pressure in the system of the TRAQC-8 DPC can get equal with the atmospheric pressure. To zero another test pressure and/or electrical signal, first generate the required test signal (tare value) and carry out the above-described zeroing procedure. The test value displayed is the difference between the actual test value and the entered tare value.
Zeroing. In some anti-dumping investigations, instead of taking the weighted average of all normal values and comparing this with the weighted average of all export prices, the investigative authorities ignore some instances of negative dumping when averaging export prices. For example, the EC used to refuse to offset negative dumping. In other words, when the normal value was less than the export price (NV< PX), the resultant margin of dumping was changed to zero (Xxxx 1998:19). This practice, known as zeroing, could have the result of either creating a dumping margin where there may be none, or inflating whatever dumping margin there may be (Hindley 1988:452-454). Both the EC and the US authorities have made use of this practice (Xxxx 1998:19; Xxxxxxx 1990:146; Stanbrook & Bentley 1996:72-73). Zeroing has been criticised by many, including a meeting of UNCTAD (UNCTAD 2001:4). And zeroing, as practised by the EC, was declared inconsistent with Article 2.4.2 of the URAA by the Appellate Body in the case EC versus India (2001:13-16, 21paragraph 66, 27). The EC changed its anti-dumping practice in line with the recommendations made by the Appellate Body, but then initiated another dispute in order to get clarity on the use of zeroing by the US (EC v US 2003; XxXxxxx 2003:648, 666). This dispute (WT/DS294) was still pending at the time of writing (WTO2004p:1). The zeroing debate has been further complicated by the dissenting opinion expressed by a member of the Panel established to examine the matter of The United States - final determination on softwood lumber from Canada (WT/DS264/R). This member provides a convincing argument, briefly summarised hereafter, as to why zeroing is not inconsistent with the Anti-dumping Agreement (WTO 2004t:174- 181). The URAA states that: Subject to the provisions governing fair comparison in paragraph 4, the existence of margins of dumping during the investigation phase shall normally be established on the basis of a comparison of a weighted average normal value with a weighted average of prices of all comparable export transactions or by a comparison of normal value and export prices on a transaction-to-transaction basis24 (GATT Secretariat 1994:171). According to the dissenting opinion, it is not unequivocally clear that the Agreement means all prices. And in addition, Article 17.6(ii) of the Anti-dumping Agreement states that: Where the panel finds that a relevant provision of the Agreement admits of more than one permissible inter...
