Excluded Costs means the following expenses, as they relate to the Building Operating Costs and the Project Operating Costs (as defined below): (i) depreciation, interest, and amortization on mortgages or ground lease payments, (ii) legal fees incurred in negotiating and enforcing tenant leases, (iii) real estate brokers’ leasing commissions, (iv) initial improvements or alterations to tenant spaces, (v) the cost of providing any service directly to and paid directly by any individual tenant, if the cost of providing such service would have otherwise been included in Building’s Operating Costs, (vi) any costs expressly excluded from Operating Expenses elsewhere in this Lease, (vii) costs of any items for which Landlord receives reimbursement from insurance proceeds or a third party (such costs shall be excluded from Operating Expenses in the year in which the reimbursement is received), but any deductible amount under any insurance policy shall be included within Operating Expenses, (viii) costs of capital improvements, except as specifically provided herein, (ix) costs incurred for the benefit of a single tenant (for example, tenant improvement costs to build-out a particular suite), (x) costs incurred due to Landlord’s breach of a lease, law, or ordinance, (xi) repairs necessitated by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord, (xii) the cost of earthquake or flood insurance, unless required by Landlord’s Lender and in such event an amount reasonably estimated by Landlord to approximate the cost of such coverage as if such coverage been carried during the Base Year shall be added to Direct Expenses for the Base Year, (xiii) overhead profit increments paid to Landlord’s subsidiaries or affiliates for management or other services on or to the building or for supplies or other materials to the extent that the cost of the services, supplies, or materials exceeds the cost that would have been paid had the services, supplies, or materials been provided by unaffiliated parties on a competitive basis, (xiv) any compensation paid to clerks, attendants, or other persons in commercial concessions operated by Landlord, (xv) advertising and promotional expenditures, (xvi) costs of repairs and other work occasioned by fire, windstorm, or other casualty covered by insurance, (xvii) management costs to the extent they exceed 5% of all gross rent collected, (xviii) costs for sculpture, paintings, or other objects of art (nor insurance thereon or extraordinary security in connection therewith), (xix) wages, salaries, or other compensation paid to any executive employees above the grade of building manager, (xx) the cost of correcting any building code or other violations which were violations prior to the Lease Commencement Date, and (xxi) the cost of containing, removing, or otherwise remediating any contamination of the Property (including the underlying land and ground water) by any toxic or hazardous materials (including, without limitation, asbestos and “PCB’s”) where such contamination was not caused by Tenant.