工程契約之「重大變更(Cardinal Change)」，為國際施工索賠實務廣泛接受之概念，於英美法院及仲裁實務上，亦已建立一套理論基礎及認定原則。然「重大變 更」在我國民法或工程法之定義為何？其法律效果為何？則較少有人探討。本文嘗試以「債之同一性」法律概念，建構「重大變更」於我國民法上的意義，並基此提出如何認定構成 「重大變更」之建議，包括工程標的物於物理上是否顯著改變、功能是否顯著改變、結構形式或重要工作項目之施作量體是否顯著改變、重要工作項目單價結構是否顯著改變、是否...＊孔繁琦 • August 6th, 2009
註二： FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction, 1st edition, 1999. 原文內容為： Variations may be initiated by the Engineer at any time prior to issuing the Taking-Over Certificate for the Works, either by an instruction or by a request for the Contractor to submit a proposal. The Contractor shall execute and be bound by each Variation, unless the Contractor promptly gives notice to the Engineer stating (with supporting particulars) that the Contractor cannot readily obtain the Goods required for the Variation. Upon receiving this notice, the Engineer shall cancel, confirm or vary the instruction. Each Variation may include:(a)changes to the quantities of any item of work included in the Contract (however, such changes do not necessarily constitute a Variation) ,(b)changes to the quality and other characteristics of any item of work,(c)changes to the levels,
