Available Bandwidth Measurement Tools Sample Clauses

Available Bandwidth Measurement Tools. ‌ • Pathload N Pathload [32] is a pure PRM tool where the basic idea is that the one-way delays of a periodic packet stream show increasing trend, when the stream rate is larger than the available bandwidth. The Pathload measurement algorithm is iterative and it requires the cooperation of both the sender and the receiver. Pathload consists of two components: process SND running at the sender and process RCV running at the receiver. The tool uses UDP for the periodic packet streams. Additionally, a TCP connection between the two end-points serves as a ‘control channel’. The control channel transfers messages regarding the characteristics of each stream, the abortion or end of the measurement process, etc. After all streams of a fleet are received, RCV determines whether R > A. If the entire fleet shows an increasing trend we infer that the fleet rate is larger than the avail-bw (R > A). Similarly, if the fleet does not show increasing trend, we infer that the fleet rate is smaller than the avail-bw (R < A). Pathload reports a range rather than a single estimate. The center of this range is the average available bandwidth during the measurements while the range itself estimates the variation of available bandwidth during the measurements. Pathload converges to an avail-bw estimate when the range between the minimum and maximum avail-xx xxxxxx is less than a user-specified resolution. ≈ The default configuration for Pathload is a fleet of 12 streams, each stream con- sisting of 100 packets of size 96 bytes. Durations are unstable and increase when the link utilization exceeds 60%. For a path with avail-bw A 10Mbps, pathload typically needs 10 fleets, or 12 seconds, to report an avail-bw estimate. Similarly, ≈ when the avail-bw A 75 Mbps, pathload needs 15-18 iterations, and the mea- surement latency increases to 18-22sec. In some cases its measurement traffic can exceed 10% of the path capacity. • IGI-PTR IGI (Initial Gap Increasing) [63] borrows from both PRM and PGM models. IGI first finds the turning point at which the packets’ sending rate starts matching their receiving rate. Then it sends a train of packets at that rate and computes the available bandwidth using the probe gap information. The IGI [26] algorithm uses the information about changes in gap values of a packet train to estimate the competing bandwidth on the tight link of the path. The PTR method uses the average rate of the packet train as an estimate of the available bandwidth. The IGI/PTR...
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