Calibrating productivity losses Sample Clauses

Calibrating productivity losses. As an international standard, we use ISO standard 7243:1989 on heat stress at different work intensities to estimate worker productivity loss functions (ISO 1989). Following ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2009), we estimate the WBGT at which the ISO recommends an average, acclimatised worker should perform work at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% productivity, as well as the threshold WBGT above which workers are performing at or very close to zero capacity. Using the method set out by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2009) we estimate the WBGT for each work intensity and for each work/rest ratio from the graphic: the results are shown in Table 3-4. Worker productivity (per hour) Light work (WI = 180W) WBGT (°C) Moderate work (WI = 295W) WBGT (°C) Heavy work (WI = 415W) WBGT (°C) 100% (full work) 31.0 28.6 26.8 75% 31.5 29.0 27.8 50% 32.0 30.5 29.5 25% 32.5 31.7 31.2 Using the estimations in Table 3-4, productivity loss functions for five different work intensities (WI) were calculated. The functions, set out below, are also shown in Figure 3-5 Hourly worker productivity loss functions based on ISO standards Work intensity 1 (WI1 = 180W): 1 WBGT < 31 P1 = {16.5 − 0.5WBGT 31 ≤ WBGT ≤ 33 0 WBGT > 33 Work intensity 2 (WI2 = 240W): 1 WBGT < 29.6 P2 = {10.1 − 0.3WBGT 29.6 ≤ WBGT ≤ 32.9 0 WBGT > 32.9 Work intensity 3 (WI3 = 295W): 1 WBGT < 28.3 P3 = {7.20 − 0.2WBGT 28.3 ≤ WBGT ≤ 32.8 0 WBGT > 32.8 Work intensity 4 (WI4 = 355W): 1 WBGT < 27.4 P4 = {6.2 − 0.2WBGT 27.4 ≤ WBGT ≤ 32.7 0 WBGT > 32.7 Work intensity 5 (WI5 = 415W): 1 WBGT < 26.6 P5 = {5.4 − 0.2WBGT 26.6 ≤ WBGT ≤ 32.6 0 WBGT > 32.5 The productivity loss functions for work intensities WI1 (180W), WI3 (295W) and WI5 (415W) were calculated directly from Table 3-4. In addition, we estimated functions for WI2 (240W) and WI4 (355W) by taking the mean average of the other loss functions. This provided a set of loss functions, each of which can be allocated to a specific sector of the economy. We tested the robustness of results based on the ISO standards by comparing them with the US national standard provided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The WBGT for each work intensity is shown in Table 3-5. In both the ISO and NIOSH cases, workers are assumed to be acclimatised. This provides a relatively conservative estimate of heat stress impacts on individual productivity. However, non-acclimatised loss functions can also be used, for example based on estimates provided by NIOSH (see Table 3-6). Table 3-5 Worker pro...