Description of the main S&T results/foregrounds. 4.1.3.1 Material pre-selection On the basis of a comprehensive material evaluation, five acoustic damping materials were preselected due to (according to information provided by the suppliers) their good to fair compromise between specific performance, low impact on mechanical performances, processability and commercial availability. The concerned materials are listed below and a brief explanation of their characteristics provided by suppliers is given as well. SMACWRAP EX & ST from SMAC Group, MontBlanc Technologies. CEM Acoustic prepreg (CAP) from Cytec Engineered Materials Non-vulcanized rubber (K180) from Kraiburg Group Hexweb Acusti-core from Hexcel Composites Both SMACWRAP ST and EX consist in 0.1mm thick ribbons of viscoelastic rubbers. Two alternatives are offered for different temperature ranges, ST compound is optimized for ambient temperatures while EX product is designed for working at low temperatures. These materials are dedicated to direct integration in composite panels and especially with honeycomb. According to the supplier, a layer of SMACWRAP® embedded in the core of a fuselage composite skin laminate should be able to bring a high amount of damping. Figure 1 shows SMACWRAP samples. Figure 1a) SMACWRAP® ST 65 mm width bobbin; 1b) SMACWRAP® ST 600mm width sample; 1c) SMACWRAP® EX 600mm width sample CEM acoustic prepreg from Cytec is an acoustic veil embedded in an epoxy resin layer with a thickness of 0.15mm which makes the material easy to integrate in a composite laminate since it can be handled like conventional carbon fibre prepregs. According to supplier, an acoustic interleaf laid up at the mid plane of an eight layer carbon laminate shows a significant improvement in acoustic damping properties if compared to a reference laminate without CEM material insertion. KRAIBURG non-vulcanized rubber is a 0.5mm thick calendered raw rubber compound bondeable directly to prepregs. It is conceived to vulcanize at the temperature at which the prepreg resin cures, giving good bonding properties to the laminate layers. According to the supplier, this calendered raw rubber can be processed like conventional prepregs. It can be doubled it up and it is freely drapeable. Many features as colour, flowability, hardness, dampening and terms of vulcanization time may be modified on request. Therefore, a non- vulcanized rubber could be developed to properly vulcanize in a standard CFRP laminate curing cycle. In this sense, non-vulcanized rubbers from Kra...
Description of the main S&T results/foregrounds. A deeper understanding of urban security across Europe Urban security is a difficult topic to grasp as it can mean something very different from one person to another. Urban security matters and measures in a quiet suburban area are most likely of a different nature than in the centers of one of Europe’s metropolitan areas. Dealing with urban security might mean something different to a politician than to a street worker. Even if urban areas have similar focal points in urban security, their intrinsic local characteristics would give rise to very different measures, and be heavily influenced by local cultural, political and social factors. In other words: sharing best practices is not as easy as it might sound. A successful intervention against home burglary in The Hague might fail in London Tower Hamlets because of a different cultural background of the perpetrators or victims. A riot prevention tactic in Belfast might not yield any success in Freiburg because of different root causes for rioting and scale. So, in order to gain a deeper under-standing of urban security, we need to explore the various contexts in which urban security plays a role. We have had the fortune to have no less than eight case study areas available to us: Belfast (UK), The Hague (NL), London Tower Hamlets (UK), London Lewisham (UK), Poznan (PL), Arghillá (IT), Napels (IT) and Freiburg (DE). Each of these areas has their specific urban security challenges that make them interesting as case study areas. For example, Belfast is well-known known for its troubled past, but is still battling ongoing tensions between communities. The Hague is a melting pot of cultures among a strengthening international position. London Tower Hamlets and Lewisham are areas that are being regenerated through developments, but struggle with the effects of persistent youth crime and deprivation. Poznan and Freiburg might not be known as distinctive urban areas, but they are thriving cities that attract large numbers of visitors and thus need effective practices to deal with public order, event safety and nightlife disturbance and still maintain an attractive public image. Aside from their specific urban security challenges, each area battles similar urban issues such as anti-social behaviour on the streets, youth gang developments, burglary and nuisance from nightlife. Among these differences and similarities, there is value in sharing practices, perceptions and problems. Lessons learned from studying best ...
Description of the main S&T results/foregrounds
