Economic theory of environmental agreements Sample Clauses

Economic theory of environmental agreements. ‌ Ezonomiz theory emphaxixex the publiz good zharazter of a zlean environment. One reaxon why environmental agreementx are hard to zonzlude ix the prixonerx’ dilemma axxoziated with the publiz good zharazter of the environment. Ax an example, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx, and Xxxxxxxxxx–Xxxxxxx (2006) analyxe the xtability of zoalitionx for greenhouxe gax abatement under different xharing rulex applied to the gainx from zooperation. Due to the prixonerx’ dilemma, only zoalitionx with a few memberx turn out to be xtable under different xhar– ing rulex. Among many other theoretizal workx (xee xeztion 1.1), thix demonxtratex the diffizulty to zonzlude MEAx. Other paperx emphaxixe the role of zommunizationx and negotiationx in order to over– zome the prixonerx’ dilemma axxoziated with the zonzluxion of MEAx (xxx Xxxxxxx, 1998¡ Blozh and Gomex, 2006¡ Caparr´ox, Xxxxxxxx, and Taxda¨ıt, 200Œ¡ Carraro, Xxxxxxxxx, and Xxxxxx, 200†).3 In zontraxt to the above work, Breton, Sbragia, and Zazzour (2008) fozux on the dynamizx of international environmental agreement memberxhipx in a dynamiz game of emixxionx. Their model of the evolution and xtability of xuzh agreementx zan lead to different xteady xtatex of full zooperation or partial zooperation, whizh are xtable over time, and alxo to xituationx without feaxible or xtable agreementx. The outzome dependx on the number of initially zooperating zountriex, the level of pollution, and the way and extent to whizh defeztorx may be punixhed. Roxe and Spiegel (2009) xtudy the zonxequenzex of the interaztion between ezonomiz and non–ezonomiz relationx for environmental agreement memberxhip. An inzreaxe in the num– ber of environmental agreementx hax a poxitive impazt on zroxx–holding axxetx. A larger number of xuzh agreementx reprexentx a non–ezonomiz zommitment to joint interextx whizh ix a zredible xignal for a zountry’x dixzount rate. In turn, thix fazilitatex ezonomiz exzhange in general and xtimulatex the zroxx–holding of axxetx in xpezifiz.
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Related to Economic theory of environmental agreements

  • D4 Environmental Requirements D4.1 The Contractor shall, when working on the Premises, perform its obligations under the Contract in accordance with the Authority’s environmental principles, which are to conserve energy, water, wood, paper and other resources, reduce waste and phase out the use of ozone depleting substances, minimise the release of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds and other substances damaging to health and the environment.

  • D5 Environmental Requirements D5.1 The Contractor shall in the performance of the Contract have due regard to the Authority’s Environmental, Sustainable Procurement and Ethical Procurement policy statements and in addition, shall assist the Authority in achieving the Sustainable Development in Government targets (“SDIG”). These statements and targets require the Authority through its procurement and management of suppliers to inter alia:

  • Obligation to Notify Owner of Existing Hazardous Materials The Contractor shall immediately notify the Owner and the Design Professional, both orally and in writing, of the presence and location of any physical evidence of, or information regarding the presence of Hazardous Materials at the Site of which it becomes aware. If the Contractor encounters Hazardous Materials on the Site the Contractor shall (i) immediately stop performance of Work or that portion of the Work affected by or affecting such Hazardous Materials; (ii) secure the contaminated area against intrusion; (iii) not disturb or remove the Hazardous Materials; (iv) not proceed, or allow any subcontractor or supplier to proceed, with any Work or other activities in the area affected by such Hazardous Materials until such materials have been properly remediated and until directed in writing to do so by the Owner; and, (v) take any other steps necessary to protect life and health and the surrounding environment. The Contractor shall be entitled to adjustment of the Contract Time and the Contract Sum pursuant to Section 5, Part 2 of these General Conditions in order to compensate for the impact of any required demolition, re-work, shutdown, delay, protection of work, disruption, and start-up resulting from the encountering of such Hazardous Materials on the Site for which the Contractor is not responsible.

  • Environmental Requirements C7.1 The Contractor shall, when working on the Premises, perform its obligations under the Contract in accordance with the Authority’s environmental policy, which is to conserve energy, water, wood, paper and other resources, reduce waste and phase out the use of ozone depleting substances and minimise the release of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds and other substances damaging to health and the environment.

  • Prior Environmental Impacts Nothing in this Article will be construed to make Company liable in any way for any environmental impacts or release of Hazardous Substances affecting the Company Premises that occurred prior to Company’s entry upon the Company Premises or that occurred as a result of the actions of Authority or any of its employees, agents, or contractors.

  • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS No implications identified.

  • Off-Site Environmental Impacts Nothing in this Article will be construed to make Company liable in any way for any environmental impacts or release of Hazardous Substances affecting the Company Premises that occurs by reason of the migration or flow to the Company Premises from verifiable or documented off-site environmental impacts that is not attributable to Company’s activities at the Company Premises.

  • Environmental Releases Each Party shall notify the other Parties, first orally and then in writing, of the release of any hazardous substances, any asbestos or lead abatement activities, or any type of remediation activities related to the Small Generating Facility or the Interconnection Facilities, each of which may reasonably be expected to affect the other Parties. The notifying Party shall: (1) provide the notice as soon as practicable, provided such Party makes a good faith effort to provide the notice no later than 24 hours after such Party becomes aware of the occurrence, and (2) promptly furnish to the other Parties copies of any publicly available reports filed with any governmental authorities addressing such events.

  • ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION Each environmental service provided by the Engineer shall have a deliverable. Deliverables shall summarize the methods used for the environmental services, and shall summarize the results achieved. The summary of results shall be sufficiently detailed to provide satisfactory basis for thorough review by the State, The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and (where applicable) agencies with regulatory oversight. All deliverables shall meet regulatory requirements for legal sufficiency, and shall adhere to the requirements for reports enumerated in the State’s NEPA MOU.

  • Compliance with Environmental Laws Except as otherwise described in the Prospectus, and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law or regulation relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, laws and regulations relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, “Materials of Environmental Concern”), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of Environmental Concern (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), which violation includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with any permits or other governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the Company or its subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws, or noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company or any of its subsidiaries received any written communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company or any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law; (ii) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity alleging potential liability for investigatory costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injuries, attorneys’ fees or penalties arising out of, based on or resulting from the presence, or release into the environment, of any Material of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, now or in the past (collectively, “Environmental Claims”), pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law; and (iii) to the best of the Company’s knowledge, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events or incidents, including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or disposal of any Material of Environmental Concern, that reasonably could result in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential Environmental Claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or against any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law.

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