Efficiency expressions for an energy storing system Sample Clauses

Efficiency expressions for an energy storing system. In some solar photonic processes, solar photons drive a chemical reaction that stores part of the photon energy as chemical energy of an energy-rich product P (e.g., hydrogen). The efficiency ηC of such a photoprocess is defined as ηC = ΔG o R P P ES A P P where ΔG 0 is the standard Xxxxx energy for the energy-storage reaction generating product P, R is the rate (mol s-1) of generation of P in its standard state,c ES is the incident solar irradiance (W m-2) and A is the irradiated area (m2). Xxxxxx et al. (1985) define ηC in a different (but equivalent) way to emphasize the various factors that contribute to ηC. ηC = ηgηchemφconv (4) c Note that if P is not generated in its standard state, then ΔGp0 must be replaced by ΔGp, which is the Xxxxx energy change appropriate for the state in which P is generated. ηg is the fraction of the incident solar irradiance that has a photon energy U ≥ Ug, where Ug is the threshold energy (J) for the photoconversion process (in a semiconductor, Ug is the bandgap energy).d ηg is given by η = JgU g g ES
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