Figure 4a Sample Clauses

Figure 4a. Figure 4b The headlamp bearing the above approval mark meets txx xequirements of this Regulation in respect of both the passing beam and the driving beam and is designed:

Figure 4a. The presence of canopy-cover correlates with a reduction in number of leaves, flowers and fruits produced by AJL. Data is from site FR233. Error bars represent ± 1 S.D.

Figure 4a. Vessel 2 locations and timing (left, shown in different colors); observed (upper right panel) and modelled (lower right panel) water temperature Figure 4b. Differences between the observed and modelled water temperature (Vessel2) Figure 5a: Vessel 5 locations and timing (shown in different colors);

Figure 4a. 2 The pulse contour algorithm. After calibration by the transpulmonary thermodilution technique the system is able to follow cardiac output beat by beat. For further explanation see text. The software takes into account the individual aortic compliance and systemic vascular resistance based on the following considerations. During systole, more blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta than blood that actually leaves the aorta. During the subsequent diastole, the volume stored in the aorta flows into the arterial network at a rate determined by the aortic compliance (C), systemic vascular resistance (R), and the blood pressure (Windkessel effect). The shape of the arterial pressure curve (exponential decay time = R x C) after the dicrotic notch is representative for this passive emptying of the aorta. The systemic vascular resistance, R, is determined by the quotient of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output measured by the reference method (R=MAP/CO). As the decay time and R are known, compliance, C, can be computed. The PiCCO algorithm is summarized in the equation in figure 4a.2. PCCO = cal x HR x ∫ (P(t)/SVR + C(P) x dP/dt)dt Where: PCCO, cardiac output; cal, calibration factor; HR, heart rate; P, arterial blood pressure; ∫P(t)dt, area under the systolic part of the pressure curve; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; C(P), pressure dependent arterial compliance; dP/dt, describes the shape of the pressure wave. This version of the PiCCO device was published by Godje et al. [10] in 2002. Input pressure for pulse contour analysis In clinical practice, aortic pressure cannot be measured and the radial artery or femoral artery pressure are used instead. Although radial and femoral pressure waves are distorted by reflections, pulse contour methods should accept these pressures. As was shown by Xxxxxxxxx XX et al. [9], cardiac output derived from aortic pressure is not different from that derived from radial artery pressure. Recently, we [11] showed the interchangeability of femoral and radial pressure signals as input for the PiCCO device. These findings are in agreement with the results reported by Xxxxxxx et al. [12] who demonstrated that mean arterial blood pressure from radial or femoral arteries are clinically interchangeable. In addition, Soderstrom et al. [13] showed that left ventricular afterload can be derived from the radial artery pressure, after backward filtering to the aortic pressure. It is not clear which type of backwar...