From Named Entity Recognition (NER) to Named Entity Linking (NEL) Sample Clauses

From Named Entity Recognition (NER) to Named Entity Linking (NEL). Named Entity Recognition and Classification is a classical Natural Language Processing task that has been part of Information Extraction systems from the beginning. It aims at detecting certain linguistic elements in text, and further classifying them into pre-defined types or categories, most commonly: persons, organizations, locations and others. Typically these linguistic elements are proper names, often spanning more than one word. Examples of Named Entities are: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx, UN Security Council, EU, Lebanon, etc. Thanks to the expansion of the Semantic Web, a new task has emerged: Named Entity Linking, also known as Named Entity Disambiguation. This is a task that distinguishes itself from NER in that, instead of classifying the detected entities into a limited type set, identifies their actual reference by linking them to their corresponding page in Wikipedia, which acts as a convenient repository of entity references. NEL provides the following benefits over plain NER  the entity is effectively disambiguated to a unique referent in the outside world;  due to Wikipedia’s rich structured content, as mirrored by the DBpedia ontology, the entity can be semantically typed, not only with tag “person” (as in NER) but using the full machinery of the FOAF ontology, able to describe persons, their activities, and their relations to other people and objects. In the same way, locations can be defined as countries, regions, cities, etc.  the Wikipedia URL allows linking the detected entity to the whole Linked Data cloud and the Semantic Web. Conventional approaches to the NERC task have had to handle the problem of a unique Named Entity having several textual instantiations, such as e.g. Assad, or Xxxxxx xx- Xxxxx. However, NERC is unable to handle a different problem, namely having unique textual instantiations referring to different concrete referents in the outside world, as illustrated in the following sentences, taken from Wikipedia:
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