Market Risk 1.15.1 Market risk, or systematic risk, stems from the economic, geographical, political, social or other factors of the relevant market, and is affected by variables that are related to the entire market. For example, if one invests in a financial product listed in Hong Kong, this investment will be subject to the systematic risk related to the entire Hong Kong market. When any event affects the systematic risk of the market, all financial products will be impacted either in the form of a rise or fall in the prices. This will apply whether investors hold one single financial product or a diversified portfolio of financial products in that market. As long as they keep their holdings, they cannot avoid being exposed to the systematic risk of the market. You should be aware that market risk cannot be eliminated, no matter how they diversify their holdings. You should seek professional advice as you think appropriate or necessary to manage (but not eliminate) market risk, and you should be careful about investing too much into a single market.
Investment Subadvisory Services Subject to the supervision of the applicable Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) and the Adviser, the Subadviser shall act as the investment subadviser and shall supervise and direct the investments of each Fund specified by the Adviser from time to time in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective(s), policies, and restrictions as provided in the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as currently in effect and as amended or supplemented from time to time (hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus”), and such other limitations as the Fund or Adviser may impose by notice in writing to the Subadviser. The Subadviser shall obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, businesses, securities markets, and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in the discharge of its obligations hereunder and shall formulate and implement a continuing program for the management of the assets and resources of each Fund allocated to the Subadviser in a manner consistent with the Fund’s investment objective(s), policies, and restrictions. In furtherance of this duty, Subadviser, on behalf of each Fund is authorized to:
(1) make discretionary investment decisions to buy, sell, exchange, convert, lend, and otherwise trade in any stocks, bonds, and other securities or assets;
(2) place orders and negotiate the commissions for the execution of transactions in securities or other assets with or through such brokers, dealers, underwriters or issuers as the Subadviser may select or instruct the Affiliated Trading Desk (as defined below) to do so on behalf of the Subadviser, as applicable;
(3) vote proxies, exercise conversion or subscription rights, and respond to tender offers and other consent solicitations with respect to the issuers of securities in which Fund assets may be invested provided such materials have been forwarded to the Subadviser in a timely fashion by the Fund’s custodian;
(4) maintain all or part of the Fund’s uninvested assets in short-term income producing instruments for such periods of time as shall be deemed reasonable and prudent by the Subadviser, including, but not limited to, any internal money market and short-term bond funds available for use only by clients of the Adviser and certain of its affiliates for short-term investments;
(5) instruct the Fund’s custodian to deliver for cash received, securities or other cash and/or securities instruments sold, exchanged, redeemed or otherwise disposed of from the Fund, and to pay cash for securities or other cash and/or securities instruments delivered to the custodian and/or credited to the Fund upon acquisition of the same for the Fund;
(6) generally, perform any other act necessary to enable the Subadviser to carry out its obligations under this Agreement or as agreed upon with the Adviser. The Adviser agrees that Subadviser may delegate trading execution and related reporting functions to the trading desk of an affiliate (“Affiliated Trading Desk”).
Investment Advisory Services The Adviser undertakes to act as investment adviser of the Portfolio and shall, subject to the supervision of the Fund's Board of Trustees, direct the investments of the Portfolio in accordance with the investment objective, policies and limitations as provided in the Portfolio's Prospectus or other governing instruments, as amended from time to time, the Investment Company Act of 1940 and rules thereunder, as amended from time to time (the "1940 Act"), and such other limitations as the Portfolio may impose by notice in writing to the Adviser. The Adviser shall also furnish for the use of the Portfolio office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and personnel for servicing the investments of the Portfolio; and shall pay the salaries and fees of all officers of the Fund, of all Trustees of the Fund who are "interested persons" of the Fund or of the Adviser and of all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities. The Adviser is authorized, in its discretion and without prior consultation with the Portfolio, to buy, sell, lend and otherwise trade in any stocks, bonds and other securities and investment instruments on behalf of the Portfolio. The investment policies and all other actions of the Portfolio are and shall at all times be subject to the control and direction of the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Non-Investment Advisory Services The Fund hereby employs the Manager to provide certain non-investment advisory services for the Portfolio, subject to the direction of the officers and the Board on the terms hereinafter set forth. Specifically, the Manager shall perform or arrange for the performance, as applicable, at its own expense (except as provided in Section 4 or unless otherwise agreed to by the Manager and the Fund, in which case at the Fund’s expense), the following services to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio to the extent that any such services are not otherwise provided by any other service provider to the Fund:
(i) monitor and evaluate the services provided to the Fund for the benefit of the Portfolio by the Portfolio’s custodian, transfer and dividend disbursing agents, printers, insurance carriers (as well as insurance agents and insurance brokers), independent public accountants, legal counsel and other persons and entities who provide similar services to the Fund for the benefit of the Portfolio;
(ii) monitor the preparation of periodic reports and notices of distributions to shareholders of the Portfolio;
(iii) coordinate, monitor and evaluate the daily pricing and valuation of the Portfolio’s investment portfolio;
(iv) monitor the Portfolio’s compliance with recordkeeping requirements of applicable federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations;
(v) assist the Portfolio to comply with the provisions of applicable federal, state, and foreign tax laws and tax regulations;
(vi) assist the Portfolio to comply with the provisions of applicable federal, state, local and foreign securities, organizational and other laws that govern the business of the Fund in respect of the Portfolio, including with respect to the preparation of registration statements and other materials in connection with the offering of the Portfolio’s shares;
(vii) monitor and coordinate the provision of trade administration oversight services to the Portfolio, including settlement oversight services, reconciliation services, collateral management oversight services, and similar services, including recommending corrective action;
(viii) assist the Portfolio to conduct meetings of the Portfolio’s shareholders if and when called by the Board;
(ix) furnish such information to the Board as the Board may reasonably require in connection with the annual approval of this Agreement, and coordinate the provision of such other information as the Board may reasonably request; and
(x) provide the shareholders of the Portfolio with such information regarding the operation and affairs of the Portfolio, and their investment in its shares, as they or the Fund may reasonably request. The Manager accepts such employment and agrees to provide or coordinate the provision of the non-investment advisory services specified above in this Section 3 for the compensation provided in Section 5. The Manager is not required at its own expense to provide non-investment advisory services to the Fund under this Agreement except as specified in this Section 3. The Manager may provide additional non-investment advisory services, i.e., those not specified in this Section 3, for the benefit of the Portfolio subject to terms mutually agreed upon by the Fund and the Manager. Subject to approval or ratification by the Board, the Manager may delegate to one or more entities some or all of the services for the Portfolio described in this Section 3 for which the Manager is responsible, provided that the Manager will be responsible for supervising such entities and paying the compensation, if any, of such entities for such services to the Portfolio, except as otherwise agreed to by the Manager and the Fund.
Investment Decision The Purchaser understands that nothing in the Agreement or any other materials presented to the Purchaser in connection with the purchase and sale of the Shares constitutes legal, tax or investment advice. The Purchaser has consulted such legal, tax and investment advisors as it, in its sole discretion, has deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with its purchase of the Shares.
Investment Advisor The Buyer is an investment advisor registered under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
Investment Experience Holder understands that the purchase of this Warrant and its underlying securities involves substantial risk. Holder has experience as an investor in securities of companies in the development stage and acknowledges that Holder can bear the economic risk of such Holder’s investment in this Warrant and its underlying securities and has such knowledge and experience in financial or business matters that Holder is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of its investment in this Warrant and its underlying securities and/or has a preexisting personal or business relationship with the Company and certain of its officers, directors or controlling persons of a nature and duration that enables Holder to be aware of the character, business acumen and financial circumstances of such persons.
Investment Sub-Advisory Services Sub-Adviser shall serve as investment sub-adviser and shall supervise and direct the investments of each series of Penn Series listed on Exhibit A attached hereto (each, a “Fund”), as such Exhibit may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties hereto, and to exercise all rights incidental to ownership in accordance with the investment objectives, program and restrictions applicable to the Fund as provided in Penn Series’ Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), as amended from time to time, and such other limitations as may be imposed by law or as Penn Series or Adviser may impose with notice in writing to Sub-Adviser. To enable Sub-Adviser to fully exercise its discretion, Adviser hereby appoints Sub-Adviser as agent and attorney-in-fact for the Fund with full power and authority to buy, sell and otherwise deal in securities and contracts for the Fund. No investment will be made by Sub-Adviser for the Fund if the investment would violate the investment objectives, investment restrictions or limitations of the Fund set out in the Prospectus and the SAI delivered to the Sub-Adviser and as may be amended and delivered to Sub-Adviser in the future. Sub-Adviser shall not take custody of any assets of Penn Series, but shall issue settlement instructions to the custodian designated by Penn Series (the “Custodian”). Sub-Adviser shall, in its discretion, obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, businesses, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in the discharge of its obligations hereunder and shall formulate and implement a continuing program for the management of the assets and resources of the Fund in a manner consistent with the investment objectives of the Fund. In furtherance of this duty, Sub-Adviser, as agent and attorney-in-fact with respect to Adviser and Penn Series, is authorized, in its discretion and without prior consultation with Adviser or Penn Series, to:
(a) buy, sell, exchange, convert, lend, and otherwise trade in any stocks, bonds, and other securities or assets;
(b) place orders and negotiate the commissions (if any) for the execution of transactions in securities with or through such brokers, dealers, underwriters or issuers as Sub-Adviser may select, in conformance with the provisions of Paragraph 4 herein; and
(c) take such other actions Sub-Adviser deems to be appropriate; provided, however, that Sub-Adviser shall make no investment for the Fund that would violate the objectives, investment program, or restrictions or limitations of the Fund.
Investment Decisions The Subadviser shall determine from time to time what investments and securities will be purchased, retained, sold or loaned by the Series, and what portion of such assets will be invested or held uninvested as cash.
What Will Happen After We Receive Your Letter When we receive your letter, we must do two things:
