Muscle Spasms Sample Clauses

Muscle Spasms. Muscle spasm was the most frequently reported adverse event in clinical trials of bardoxolone methyl in patients with CKD who also had type 2 diabetes. The muscle spasms most often manifested in the first two months of treatment and resolved spontaneously or with empirical treatment. They occurred mostly at night, in the lower extremities, and were generally mild to moderate in severity. Muscle spasms have also been reported in bardoxolone methyl-treated PAH patients but at lower incidences than that observed in prior CKD studies. Moreover, the incidence of muscle spasms is similar to that observed in placebo-treated PAH patients. Muscle spasms may result from improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Increases in glucose uptake, as assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure, were observed in response to bardoxolone methyl in a defined subset of patients enrolled in a Phase 2a study. To date, in those cases where serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels have been measured, no association has been observed between muscle spasms and elevated CK levels in patients treated with bardoxolone methyl. Clinical signs and laboratory findings associated with the reports of muscle spasms have not been consistent with muscle toxicity. Bardoxolone methyl subjects showed no increase in prominent laboratory findings associated with muscle toxicity, such as increased levels of serum markers, including creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium, which were monitored weekly during the first two months of a prior study (BEAM) when muscle spasms were most frequently reported. Increases in the whole-body glucose disposal rate have been observed in mice treated with bardoxolone methyl, as well. Increased glucose uptake was observed in isolated calf muscles of the mice, but not in white adipose tissue (Saha, 2010).