Physics in Radiology Sample Clauses

The 'Physics in Radiology' clause defines the role and responsibilities of medical physicists within a radiology department. It typically outlines the scope of physics support, such as ensuring the proper calibration and maintenance of imaging equipment, overseeing radiation safety protocols, and providing technical expertise for diagnostic procedures. This clause ensures that radiological practices adhere to safety standards and regulatory requirements, thereby protecting both patients and staff while maintaining the quality and accuracy of diagnostic imaging.
Physics in Radiology. Objective: The student is introduced to the physical principles and the technical aspects of all modalities used in diagnostic and interventional radiology, including facility design as well as the essential elements of Quality Management in radiology. The principle and the operating modes of the different equipment is described, from the production of X rays to the formation of a medical image, as well as non-ionizing modalities used in diagnostic radiology. Content: • X ray production o Principle of X rays production, X ray spectrum o X ray tubes (stationary & rotating) o Line focus principle and heel effect o Factors influencing the output • X ray Imaging detectors (conventional/digital) o Films & cassettes o Computed radiography (CR) o Direct and indirect flat panels o Image intensifier o Gas ionization ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ o Solid state detectors o Image formation (analogue & digital) • Planar imaging (radiography/fluoroscopy) o Projection radiography (magnification, penumbra, etc.) o Fluoroscopy o Television channel o Digital Subtraction Angiography o Anti-scatter grid o The Bucky table o Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) o Artefacts o Image quality (noise, resolution, contrast) • Breast imaging/mammography o Mammography X ray tubes (target, focus spot, filtration, etc.) o Line focus principle and heel effect o Factors influencing the output (breast compression, thickness & density, magnification, patient positioning, AEC, etc.) o Image requirements (analogue & digital) o Artefacts • CT o Components o Generations (4) o Principle of image reconstruction o Multi-detector CT, helical CT (pitch, sinogram) o Detection technology o Collimation o Concept of CT number o Image manipulation and post-processing including windowing o Image quality (noise, resolution, contrast) o Artefacts • Basic physics and applications of MRI o Principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) o Generation of resonance magnetic signals o Free induction decay, T1 relaxation, T2 relaxation o Pulse sequences (T1, T2 weighting) o Gradient (slice selection, frequency encode and phase encode) o Component of MRI device ▪ Magnet ▪ Coils ▪ Detectors ▪ Shielding ▪ Processor o Image quality (noise, resolution and contrast) o Artefact o Safety and bioeffects • Basic physics and applications of Ultrasound imaging o Principles of ultrasound generation and interaction (transducer and transducer arrays, reflection, transmission and refraction) o Beam properties (near field, far field) o Principle of image gen...
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