Common use of Recurrent Disability Clause in Contracts

Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes within [6] [12] full months after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a Recurrent Disability. Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation of the preceding period of Disability and will not be subject to a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17) Page 9 new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or • a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.

Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes within [6] [12] full months after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a Recurrent Disability. Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation of the preceding period of Disability and will not be subject to a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17) Page 9 new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or • a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.

Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes within [6] [12] full months after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a Recurrent Disability. Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation of the preceding period of Disability and will not be subject to a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17B180(7/17) Page 9 FL: 12 months not available. FL: 12 months not available. new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: •  you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; •  you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or •  a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.

Recurrent Disability. If a Total Disability or Partial Disability recurs from the same or a related cause within 12 months of a claim ending, we treat it as a continuation of the original claim, which means no Waiting Period applies before payments recommence. Please note all claim periods will be added together to determine whether the Benefit Period has ended. Concurrent Disability Where you become Totally or Partially Disabled as a result of two separate and distinct Illnesses or Injuries, only one Benefit is payable under Income Protection at any time. The Benefit paid will be that which provides the highest payment. Waiver of Premium Benefit We will waive or refund your Income Protection premiums while you are receiving a Benefit payment for Total Disability or Partial Disability. • Waiver of Premium applies immediately after the Waiting Period and any premiums paid during the Waiting Period will also be reimbursed. • Waiver of Premium will stop on the earlier of: – You no longer being Totally Disabled or Partially Disabled; or – The end of the Benefit Period. Rehabilitation Expense Benefit If you become are Totally Disabled due or Partially Disabled we may reimburse the expenses incurred in your rehabilitation through an occupational or vocational Rehabilitation Program preapproved by us (less amounts reimbursed from elsewhere). Reimbursement is subject to: • our prior written approval of the rehabilitation expense; and • a maximum allowable cumulative reimbursement of six times the monthly Benefit Amount. The cost of medical consultations and medical therapy consultations will not be reimbursed. TAL.500.014.1361 Taking care of details Scheduled Injury Benefit (Available for Accident Cover and Sports Cover only). The Scheduled Injury Benefit is paid for a specific period for the Injury events shown below. Note: Your selected Waiting Period for Income Protection does not apply to this benefit. Scheduled Injury Fracture^ of the: Payment period (months) Thigh or pelvis 3 Leg (between the knee and foot), knee cap, upper arm, shoulder bone or jaw 2 Forearm (above the wrist), collarbone or heel 1 Wrist 1 Vertebrae 1 Skull (excluding bones of the nose and face) 2 ^Fracture means a bone fracture requiring the application of a plaster cast or a similar immobilising device by a Medical Practitioner, or Totally Disabled for 28 days. The Scheduled Injury Benefit is paid monthly in advance and will stop on the earlier of: • the expiry of the payment period as set out in the table above; or • the date Cover ends. At the expiry of the payment period, you may be eligible for other Benefits if you meet the stated conditions. The Scheduled Injury Benefit is not available on Cover through an SMSF. If you are eligible for Day One Accident Benefit Option, or Total Disability or Partial Disability Benefit at the same time, the greater of these benefits will be paid. What options can I add? Day One Accident Option (Available for Accident Cover and Sports Cover only). You can choose to add the Day One Accident Option for an additional premium. If you choose Cover under this option, in the event of an Accidental Injury or Sports Injury that results in Total Disability for the entire Waiting Period, we will backdate your monthly Benefit payments to the same cause Date of Disablement. Your monthly Benefit payments will begin after the Waiting Period and will be made monthly in arrears. This option is only available if a two or causes within [6] [12] full four week Waiting Period has been selected and will not be available for selected occupations which we consider carry increased risks of accidents or are hazardous, for example: construction worker, road traffic controller. Increasing Claims Option You can choose to add the Increasing Claims option for an additional premium if you have selected Inflation Protection. The Increasing Claims Option ensures your Benefit keeps up with inflation while you are receiving payments. We will increase Benefit payments in line with the Indexation Factor on the anniversary of the commencement of continuous Benefit payments. This annual increase is capped at 3%. Qantas Assure Life Protect TAL.500.014.1362 What isn’t covered Some Exclusions apply to your Income Protection regardless of the Cover you have selected. No payment will be made under Income Protection if the event giving rise to the claim is caused directly or indirectly by: • an intentional, self-inflicted act by you; • pregnancy, giving birth, miscarrying or having a pregnancy termination unless Total Disability or Partial Disability continues for longer than three months after the end of a period of Disability for pregnancy ends in which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of case Disability will be considered to have started at the date the pregnancy ends; • war, terrorism, civil commotion or unrest; guerrilla or insurgent activities in countries outside Australia; • you visiting a Recurrent country for which the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) has issued a ‘Do Not Travel’ warning advice that is in force during the time you stay in that country; • committing or attempting to commit a criminal offence; or • Mental Health Related Illness or any Mental Health Related Illness as a result of an Accidental Injury, Sports Injury or Illness, after a Benefit has been paid for two years. In addition, specific Exclusions and Special Conditions may apply to your Income Protection Insurance depending on the Cover that you have selected. If you have selected Accident Cover only, no claim will be payable in the event of: • your inability to work as a result of an Illness; • your inability to work as a result of any Mental Health Related Illness, or any Mental Health Related Illness directly or indirectly as a result of an Accidental Injury, Sports Injury or Illness; or • your inability to work as a result of a Sports Injury or Dangerous Pastimes. If you have selected Illness Cover only, no claim will be payable in the event of: • your inability to work as a result of an Accidental Injury; • your inability to work as a result of a Sports Injury or Dangerous Pastimes; or • any claim directly or indirectly as a result of Mental Health Related Illness, after a Benefit has been paid for two years. If you have selected Illness Cover and Accident Cover only, no claim will be payable in the event of: • your inability to work as a result of a Sports Injury or Dangerous Pastimes; or • any claim directly or indirectly as a result of Mental Health Related Illness, after a Benefit has been paid for two years. If you have selected Accident Cover and Sports Cover only, no claim will be payable in the event of: • your inability to work directly or indirectly as a result of an Illness; or • your inability to work directly or indirectly as a result of any Mental Health Related Illness, or any Mental Health Related Illness as a result of an Accidental Injury or Illness. For Cover purchased through superannuation, you must also satisfy the SIS definition of Permanent Incapacity or Temporary Incapacity. You should also be aware that if your cover is purchased through superannuation, no Benefits will be payable if you are unemployed in the period immediately prior to Total Disability or Partial Disability. Refer to your Policy Schedule for details of any additional Exclusions or Special Conditions that apply to your Policy. TAL.500.014.1365 Taking care of details Example of an adjustment as a result of lump sum payment Xxxx is an employed 40 year old electrician earning $8,000 per month which includes contributions to his superannuation fund. On 1 June, Xxxx hurts his back after an accident at work where he falls off his ladder. Sadly, Xxxx is Totally Disabled and cannot return to work after his Injury. Under Income Protection, Xxxx has selected a Benefit Amount of $5,000 (which is less than 75% of his Pre-Disability Benefits Earnings) and a Benefit Period of 2 years and a Waiting Period of 4 weeks. On 1 September, Xxxx decides to lodge a claim for an Accidental Injury with us. Once assessed, we approve his claim and he is paid $5,000 per month. In addition to his Qantas Assure Life Protect claim, Xxxx had lodged a claim for workers’ compensation. On 1 December, his workers’ compensation claim is settled for a Recurrent Disability are considered lump sum of $400,000. As this lump sum payment is a continuation ‘global settlement’ figure and Xxxx’s loss of Earnings could not be determined, we offset his entire settlement amount as set out below: Maximum ongoing monthly Benefit payable = 1% x Lump Sum Received (as at 1 December 2016) = 1% x $400,000 = $4,000 After applying the a offset amount against Xxxx’s monthly Income Protection Benefit, his ongoing Benefit would be limited to: Maximum ongoing monthly Benefit payable = 75% of Pre-disability Income (as at 1 December 2016) (minus) 1% x Lump Sum Received = 75% of $8,000 - $4,000 = $6,000 - $4,000 = $2,000 Ongoing Monthly Benefit is the lesser of $2,000 (adjusted maximum) or $5,000 (Matt’s selected Benefit Amount). Hence Xxxx would be entitled to receive $2,000 per month for the remainder of the preceding period Benefit Period. For Partial Disability, no Benefit will be paid when the other payments, plus your monthly Earnings in the month to be paid, are greater than or equal to 100% of Pre-Disability Earnings In months where a Benefit payment is reduced, a proportionate refund of premiums paid will be made. The refund will be A x B, where: A = the percentage reduction in the Benefit payment; and B = the average monthly premium over the 12 months prior to the claim starting. The refund will be made for the lesser of 12 months or the number of months your Income Protection was in-force prior to the claim starting. Qantas Assure Life Protect TAL.500.014.1373 Premium changes We can change the premium rates applying to all our Policies. If we do change them, you will be advised of the change 30 days prior to it taking effect. Your Policy cannot be singled out for an increase in premium rates because of an adverse change in your health or circumstances once your Cover is in place. Level Premiums for all Life Insurance, TPD and Trauma Insurance ends at your Policy Anniversary after turning age 64. These Covers will then change to Stepped Premiums. Payment methods and frequency Premiums are payable monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or yearly by direct debit or credit card (MasterCard, Visa or AMEX). Cheque and BPAY payments may be available if requested over the phone. Non-payment or late payment of premiums If we do not receive premiums by the due date, you will be sent a Payment Not Received notice and we may attempt to collect your outstanding premium on your next due date. If we do not receive the payment by the final due date shown in your Payment Not Received notice, you will be sent a reminder notice confirming that if you do not pay your premium by the due date, your Policy will be canceled on the date specified in the notice and you will not be subject insured. If this happens, you will receive a confirmation informing you that your Cover has ended. You may need to apply to reinstate or have a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for Policy issued if you require Cover at a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17) Page 9 new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payabletime, and a new Maximum Benefit Period premium may be calculated. Australian Currency All Benefits payable under the Policy must be paid in Australian currency. Your health and lifestyle assessment Loadings and Exclusions When you apply for Qantas Assure Life Protect, you will applybe asked a number of questions. AlsoYour Duty of Disclosure (described on page 55) applies to your answers to these questions and your answers may mean that you have increased risk factors. In some cases we will be unable to provide you with all or some parts of the Cover for which you have applied. In other cases, Cover may be subject to conditions such as a premium loading, or an Exclusion. A premium loading will mean that you pay a higher premium for the Cover. An Exclusion will mean that you will not be Covered if you become Disabled due to suffer a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Conditionspecified excluded medical condition, or you are injured or die as a result of participating in an excluded pastime or activity. Other things you need to know Cover changes and expiry When does my Cover start and end? Once your application is accepted by a medical or surgical treatment us, as long as you have complied with the Duty of a Pre-existing ConditionDisclosure and you have paid premiums when due, we guarantee to renew your Cover until the insurance expiry date (set out below). This guarantee applies regardless of any change in your personal circumstances. Your Cover will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Dateend when: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or servicesthe full lump sum Benefit Amount is paid; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medicationsCover is removed from your Policy; • Cover is cancelled through non-payment of premiums; or • you reach the insurance expiry date for that Cover. The insurance will expire on Policy Anniversary date after age 99 for Life Insurance, after age 69 for Standalone Trauma Insurance, and after age 64 for Standalone TPD and Income Protection Insurance. If you have Bundled TPD or Trauma Insurance with Life Insurance, the expiry date for Bundled TPD and Trauma Insurance is the Policy Anniversary after age 99. However, on the Policy Anniversary after age 64 for Bundled TPD, and age 69 for Bundled Trauma Insurance, Cover changes to Cover for Loss of Independent Existence only. Please refer to the definition for Loss of Independent Existence in the Glossary. Some Cover is not able to be kept on its own. If certain Covers expire or are removed from your Qantas Assure Life Protect so that a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatmentCover remains which cannot be held on its own then that Cover must be cancelled. We will notify you if this is the case.

Recurrent Disability. If you become Totally Disabled due to again from the same cause or related causes within [6] [12] full months from the end of the period for which Long Term Disability benefits were paid, Manulife Financial will treat the disability as a continuation of your previous disability. You will not be required to satisfy the Qualifying Period again. The benefit payable to you will be based on your earnings as at the date of your previous disability. Benefits for all such recurrent disabilities will not be paid for a combined period longer than the Maximum Benefit Period for this benefit. If the same disability recurs more than months after the end of a the period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been benefits were paid, the later period of Disability such disability will be considered a Recurrent Disabilityseparate disability. Waiver of Premium The premium for your Long Term Disability benefit will be waived during any period you are entitled to receive Long Term Disability benefit payments. SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. (WEST VANCOUVER) Support Staff Long Term Extension of Benefit Long Term Disability benefits will extend beyond your termination date provided you became disabled while you were still insured. Benefits will continue to be paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation according to the contract provisions regardless of the preceding period subsequent termination of Disability the Group Policy. Manulife Financial reserves the right to request proof of the continuance of total disability, and submit to an examination by Manulife Financial's medical advisors when requested. Survivor Benefit you die while disability benefits are payable and you were Totally Disabled for consecutive days just prior to your death, Manulife Financial will not be subject pay a lump sum payment to your surviving eligible dependents. The amount of the Survivor Benefit shown in the Schedule of Benefits is less the amount of any outstanding benefit overpayments. An eligible dependent is: your legal spouse or a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for common-law spouse who resides with you in a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, andconjugal relationship which is recognized as such in your community, if living, who must have been a resident of the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to same country as the preceding Disabilityemployee; otherwise your or your spouse's dependent children (including natural, benefits will not be payable legally adopted or xxxxxx child) under age who, while the employee was alive, were mainly dependent on the employee for support and maintenance and who must have been a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled resident of the same country as the employee payment becomes due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive monthschildren, the later period of Disability payment will be considered made to: the children with an equal share paid to each child; or a ICC17-B180(07/17) Page 9 new period person named by the Company to receive payment on the children's behalf. Proof of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period your death and survivor eligibility must be satisfied received and approved by Manulife Financial before benefits Survivor Benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or • a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.

Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes within [6] [12] full months after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a Recurrent Disability. Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation of the preceding period of Disability and will not be subject to a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17B180GSI(7/17) Page 9 FL: 12 months not available. FL: 12 months not available. new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or • a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.

Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes within [6] [12] 12 full months after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a Recurrent Disability. Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are considered a continuation of the preceding period of Disability and will not be subject to a new Benefit Waiting Period. However, Disability Benefits paid for a Recurrent Disability are subject to the Maximum Benefit Period that started with the preceding period of Disability, and, if the Maximum Benefit Period had ended with respect to the preceding Disability, benefits will not be payable for a Recurrent Disability. If you become Disabled due to the same cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid and you have been working for at least 30 hours per week for at least [6] [12] 12 consecutive months, the later period of Disability will be considered a ICC17-B180(07/17B180(7/17) Page 9 FL: You will not have to satisfy a new benefit waiting period if you recover from your disability but become disabled again from the same cause within six months. The time that you receive benefits for this recurrent disability counts toward the same maximum benefit period. If a disability occurs from the same cause six or more months after you’ve recovered and returned to work at least 30 hours per week, a new benefit waiting period and maximum benefit period apply. new period of Disability. A new Benefit Waiting Period must be satisfied before benefits are payable, and a new Maximum Benefit Period will apply. Also, if you become Disabled due to a different or unrelated cause or causes after the end of a period of Disability for which Disability Benefits had been paid, the later period of Disability will be considered a new period of Disability. PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS Disability Benefits for a Disability caused or contributed to by a Pre-existing Condition, or by a medical or surgical treatment of a Pre-existing Condition, will be payable only if the Pre-existing Condition is fully disclosed in the application and it is not specifically excluded from coverage by amendment or endorsement. Pre-existing Condition means any mental or physical condition for which, during the 365 days immediately prior to the Policy Effective Date: • you have consulted a physician or any other licensed medical professional, or received medical treatment or services; • you have undergone diagnostic procedures or you have taken prescription drugs or medications; or • a reasonably prudent person would have sought medical advice, care or treatment.