Seismic Zones in other codes Sample Clauses

Seismic Zones in other codes. The use of zones to define regions of uniform seismic action is a factor that distinguishes the practice of many different codes. It also raises the issue of the role that hazard maps play when providing information necessary for seismic design. Seismic zones of the nature described in EN 1998-1 3.2.1 are not found in the International Building Code, FEMA 450, the National Building Code of Canada or the Italian Seismic Code. In each of these cases, however, designers can determine the seismic action at any site of known latitude, longitude and site condition. For the IBC/NEHRP provisions, the exact value of the seismic action can be calculated via free software supplied by the United States Geological Survey (xxxx://xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx.xxx/hazards). A similar web-based application is supplied by Natural Resources Canada, for use with the National Building Code of Canada (xxxx://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxx.xx.xx/hazard-alea/interpolat/index-eng.php). A web-based application is also available to derive seismic hazard parameters for NNTC-Italy (2008) (xxxx://xxxx0.xx.xxxx.xx). However, this Web-GIS application only plots the hazard values for the points given in the code itself. Guidance on interpolation of hazard at a site from its nearest points is given in the Appendix to the NNTC-Italy (2008). The approach to hazard mapping in the New Zealand code (NZS 1170.5) represents something of a compromise between a zoned and non-zoned approach. The level of ground motion is defined according to the hazard factor Z. This value is given explicitly in the code for 129 major towns and cities in New Zealand. Elsewhere the hazard factor Z should be interpolated from the contours of maps of Z supplied in the code. In effect, the Z value is detached from the actual seismic hazard at a site in two ways. Firstly, to produce a contour map, hazard calculated at specific sites is interpolated and smoothed. Interpolating between contours also assumes that hazard scales in an approximately linear manner between them, in the absence of specification of the interpolation method. A similar approach had also been implemented in the Costa Rica (1986) seismic code, which also used interpolation between contours of acceleration to determine the input ground motion (although the more recent Costa Rica (2002) code now implements seismic zones). There has been a steady transition from the use of seismic zones towards explicit seismic hazard parameters. Many of the standards developed between the...
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