Influence of Site Conditions on Ground Motion and Classification Methods Sample Clauses

Influence of Site Conditions on Ground Motion and Classification Methods. The influence of site geology on strong ground-motion has been known for many years, and its effects observed in many major earthquakes throughout history. Recorded ground motions show enormous variability, even over small distances owing to variations in geotechnical site properties, topography and basin response (Xxxxxxx & Xxxx, 2005). The incorporation of a parameter or parameters describing site condition has become a standard feature of most strong ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed in the last 15 to 20 years (Xxxxxxx, 2003). As with much of our understanding of earthquake effects, the extent to which their complexity can be captured in models is largely dependent on the quantity and quality of strong motion data available. Strong motion recording networks have grown considerably in size and scale over the last twenty years. Nevertheless, global databases of high quality strong motion data, such as the PEER database (xxx.xxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/xxx), are strongly biased towards a small number of very well-recorded events. Of the 3552 strong motion records contained in the PEER database, more than 1800 originate from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake and its aftershocks. Although many other seismic records exist for major earthquakes, detailed metadata describing the geotechnical properties of each recording site are not nearly as widely available. Consequently, despite the complex interaction between site condition and strong ground-motion, for many sites the geotechnical conditions are described by simple parametric approximations. The simplest, and most widely applicable, method of analysing the influence of site condition on strong motion is to use multiplicative factors in the regression procedure for ground motion prediction models. This characterises the site according to a particular class, as determined via a recognised classification scheme. These schemes usually correspond to the site classifications described in seismic design codes, of which many will be compared shortly. The number of seismic records for use within each category can vary substantially. In most cases, those categories corresponding to moderate to well-consolidated soils contain the greatest number of records. The number of recordings taken on very hard rock (Vs > 1100 m s-1) or very soft soil (Vs < 180 m s-1) tend to be sparse in comparison, making analysis of the site amplification on such sites far less robust. When developing empirical ground motion predic...
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