vitamin D definition

vitamin D means the anti-rachitic vitamins.
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vitamin D means cholecalciferol, as well as all derivatives and analogs thereof or thereto.
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vitamin D. (“fitamin D”) means the anti-rachitic vitamins.
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Examples of vitamin D in a sentence

  • In one study of human airway epithelial cells, vitamin D induced the production of cathelicidin and improved killing of the bacteria, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and Bordetella bronchiseptica (17).

  • In another study of human airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus, vitamin D reduced the inflammatory response but not viral clearance (20).

  • These data begin to construct a conceptual framework for the role of vitamin D and LL-37 in infection that is complex, likely having varying levels of action in different tissues, cell types, pathogens and degrees of systemic spread of infection.

  • This may suggest that vitamin D modulates the severity of respiratory infections or rather that it is a marker for poorer health status.

  • Clinical Research In a review of the observational literature regarding vitamin D and respiratory infections, much of the work has been performed in pediatric populations with 4 studies showing a positive association between respiratory infections and low 25(OH)D and 2 studies showing no association (21-26).

  • A vital role for vitamin D in this system was initially indicated by the discovery of vitamin D receptors (VDR) in nearly all types of immune cells, including activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (12).

  • Likewise, in women treated with vitamin D supplementation in vivo for 3 months, their urinary bladder cells demonstrated increased expression of cathelicidin and enhanced bacterial killing of Escherechia coli (16).

  • Two other studies of children admitted with severe pneumonia showed associations between low vitamin D and increased severity or worse outcomes from pneumonia (27,28).

  • Further complicating the picture, another study found that vitamin D receptor polymorphisms might be associated with the risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children (29).

  • However, not all studies have shown a positive effect of vitamin D in pathogen clearance.

Related to vitamin D

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  • Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing activities, excluding residential and industrial wastes.

  • Tetrahydrocannabinol means a substance derived from cannabis or a synthetic equivalent as described in Subsection 58-37-4(2)(a)(iii)(AA).

  • cannabis resin means the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from any plant of the genus Cannabis;

  • Cannabis means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa Linnaeus, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin, whether crude or purified, extracted from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds, or resin. “Cannabis” also means the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from cannabis. “Cannabis” does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from the stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination. For the purpose of this division, “cannabis” does not mean “industrial hemp” as defined by Section 11018.5 of the Health and Safety Code. Cannabis and the term “marijuana” may be used interchangeably.