Action and Language Processing in Natural Cognitive Systems Sample Clauses

Action and Language Processing in Natural Cognitive Systems. Recent theoretical and experimental research on action and language processing in humans and animals clearly demonstrates the strict interaction and co-dependence between language and action (e.g. Xxxxx and Xxxxxx, 2003; Glenberg and Xxxxxxx, 2002; Pulvermuller et al. 2003; Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx, 1998). In neuroscience, neurophysiology investigations of the mirror neurons system (Xxxxxx et al., 2000; Xxxxxxx et al, 1996) and brain imaging studies on language processing provide an abundance of evidence for intertwined language-action integration. For example, Xxxx et al. (2004) used fMRI to show that action words referring to face, arm or leg actions (e.g. to lick, pick, or kick) differentially activate areas along the motor cortex that either were directly adjacent to or overlapped with areas activated by actual movement of the tongue, fingers, or feet. This demonstrates that the referential meaning of action words has a correlate in the somatotopic activation of the motor and premotor cortex. Xxxxx and Xxxxxx (2003) review neuroscience evidence on neural correlates of nouns and verbs. They found a general agreement on the fact that the left temporal neocortex plays a crucial role in lexical-semantic tasks related to the processing of nouns whereas the processing of words related to actions (verbs) involves additional regions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, neuroscientific evidence supports a dynamic view of language according to which lexical and grammatical structures of language are processed by distributed neuronal assemblies with cortical topographies that reflect lexical semantics (Pulvermuller 2003). The mastery of fine motor control, such as non-repetitive action sequences involved in making complex tools, is also seen as an ability related to the precursor of Broca’s area in the modern brain, which is adjacent to the area that governs fine motor control in the hand. This is consistent with Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx’s (1998) hypothesis that area F5 of the monkey’s brain, where mirror neurons for manual motor activity have been identified, is homologous to a precursor of Broca’s area involved in language processing and speech production and comprehension. This neuroscience evidence is consistent with growing experimental and theoretical evidence on the role of grounding of language in action and perception (Xxxxxx and Xxxxx, 2005; Glenberg and Xxxxxxx 2002; Xxxxxxxx 1999). Glenberg proposed that the meaning of a sentence is constructe...
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