Brittleness in Context Sample Clauses

Brittleness in Context. In a LAWS context, brittleness can manifest itself in several mutually non-exclusive ways, including the following. • Perceiving an object or a signal that normally triggers an attack response, but without recognising qualitative factors, or taking into account other contradictory signals. The result is often a false positive target identification, thus a risk of unlawful engagement. This is a drawback of many current target recognition technologies.220 • Being thrown off-track by minor perturbations, like a change in the weather221 or irrelevant changes in the image or physical appearance of an object.222 217 Xxxxxxx (n 13), 145. 218 Ibid., 146. 219 See 2.2.3.2. 220 See 2.5.5.2. 221 See 2.5.5.1. 222 See 2.5.6. • Failing to take correct action in a particular instance for lack of quality training data.223 • ‘Perverse instantiation’ of final goals, whereby the system fulfils the narrow criteria of its programmed objectives, but in unanticipated ways that violate the programmer’s broader intentions,224 and possibly the LOAC rules.225 This is because algorithms solve via constrained optimisation, whereby one or a few objectives (those that have been programmed) are focused upon at the exclusion of all else.226‌ Brittleness is expected to be a pervasive problem affecting LAWS and their associated AI. While this generally does not mean the systems should be banned, it does counsel in favour of human control and suitable precautionary measures.
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