Closed governance Sample Clauses

Closed governance. In a closed governance model the government has the leading role and a few selected non- governmental actors are engaged in small and no-flexible coalitions. Therefore, closed governance is characterised by a “restricted, structured and fixed form of governmental/non-governmental co- governing” [57]. It can be considered as a step further from the hierarchical governance in the open governance direction but still with a top-down and hierarchical approach (see Figure 14). Figure 14: The hierarchical, closed and open co- and self-governance continuum ([76]as seen in [57]). KEY WORDS Hierarchical, closed participation, top-down HOW EMERGES A select group of participant is chosen by the government that also defines the problem INVOLVED ACTORS One strong coalition in which the involved governmental actors are organised and complemented with a few non-governmental selected actors. Access is restricted to those that forms the main coalition. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT Leading role RULES - The government has the power because it controls the resources that can be mobilised - The non-governmental actors are able to influence as long as the government allows it - Access to governing processes is restricted to governmental actors and to those that government chooses to involve - The government and non-governmental actors cooperate but in a very restricted way - Government assigns certain tasks to the involved nongovernmental actors and then monitors them. - If the elite actors are provided with a privileged space for participation, they will have no incentive to exert their veto power or obstruct the decision-making process. CONTEXTUAL CONDITIONS In cases of environmental issues with potentially catastrophic impacts (e.g., global climate change), the predominance of “less than democratic” expert politics could be justified in the name of the urgency and severity of the problem. TOOLBOX Top-down directives or command-and-control policies. REFERENCES [57] [62] [76] Table 16: Closed governance
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