Cryptographic Properties Sample Clauses

Cryptographic Properties. In this section we summarize the desired properties for a secure group key agreement protocol. Following the model of [18], we define four such properties: 1: Group Key Secrecy guarantees that it is computationally infeasible for a passive adversary to discover any group key. • Forward Secrecy (Not to be confused with Perfect Forward Secrecy or PFS) guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of old group keys cannot discover subsequent group keys. • Backward Secrecy guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of group keys cannot discover preceding group keys. • Key Independence guarantees that a passive adversary who knows any proper subset of group keys cannot discover any other group key not included in the subset. The relationship among the properties is intuitive. Backward and Forward Secrecy properties (often called Forward and Backward Secrecy in the literature) assume that the adversary is a current or a former group member. The other properties additionally include the cases of inadvertently leaked or otherwise compromised group keys. Our definition of group key secrecy allows partial leakage of information. Therefore, it would be more desirable to guarantee that any bit of the group key is unpredictable. For this reason, we prove a decisional version of group key secrecy in Section . In other words, decisional version of group key secrecy guarantees that it is computationally infeasible for a passive adversary to distinguish any group key from random number. Other, more subtle, active attacks aim to introduce a known (to the attacker) or old key. These are prevented by the combined use of: sender information, timestamps, unique protocol message identifiers and sequence numbers which identify the particular protocol run. All protocol messages include the following attributes: • sender information: name of the sender, or, equivalently, signer. • group information: unique name of the group. • membership information: names (and other information) of current group members. • protocol identifier: protocol being used (fixed as “STR”). • message type: unique message identifier for each protocol message. 1. Key epoch is the same across all current group members. If a group member receives a protocol message with a smaller than current epoch, it terminates the protocol (suspected replay). • time stamp: current time. Loose time synchronization among group members is assumed. We assume that a group member rejects ...
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Cryptographic Properties. In this section we summarize the desired properties for a secure group key agreement protocol. Following the model of [18], we define four such properties: 1: Group Key Secrecy guarantees that it is computationally infeasible for a passive adversary to discover any group key. Forward Secrecy (Not to be confused with Perfect Forward Secrecy or PFS) guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of old group keys cannot discover subsequent group keys. Backward Secrecy guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of group keys cannot discover preceding group keys. Key Independence guarantees that a passive adversary who knows any proper subset of group keys cannot discover any other group key not included in the subset.
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Cryptographic Properties. In this section we summarize the desired properties for a secure group key agreement protocol. Following the model of [18], we define four such properties:
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Cryptographic Properties. There are four important security properties encountered in group key agreement. (Assume that a group key is changed m times and the sequence of successive group keys is K = fK0; :::; Kmg). 1. Group Key Secrecy – this is the most basic property. It guarantees that it is computationally infeasible for a passive adversary to discover any group key. 2. Forward Secrecy – (not to be confused with Perfect Forward Secrecy or PFS) guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of old group keys cannot discover subsequent group keys.
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Cryptographic Properties. In this section we summarize the desired properties for a secure group key agreement protocol. Following the model of [KPT00], we define six such properties: ■ Weak Backward Secrecy guarantees that previously used group keys must not be discovered by new group members. ■ Weak Forward Secrecy guarantees that new keys must remain out of reach of former group members. ■ Group Key Secrecy guarantees that it is computationally infeasible for a passive adversary to discover any group key. ■ Forward Secrecy (Not to be confused with Perfect Forward Secrecy or PFS) guarantees that a passive adversary who knows a contiguous subset of old group keys cannot discover subsequent group keys.
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Cryptographic Properties. In this section we summarize the desired properties for a secure group key agreement protocol. Following the model of [KPT00], we define six such properties: The relationship among the properties is intuitive. The first two (often typically called Forward and Backward Secrecy in the literature) are different from the others in the sense that the adversary is assumed to be a current or a former group member. The other properties additionally include the cases of inadvertently leaked or otherwise compromised group keys. Forward and Backward Secrecy is a stronger condition than Weak Forward and Backward Secrecy. Either of Backward or Forward Secrecy subsumes Group Key Secrecy and Key Independence subsumes the rest. Finally, the combination of Backward and Forward Secrecy yields Key Independence. In this paper we do not assume key authentication as part of the group key management protocols. All communication channels are public but authentic. The latter means that all messages are digitally signed by the sender using some sufficiently strong public key signature method such as DSA or RSA. All receivers are required to verify signatures on all received messages. Since no other long-term secrets or keys are used, we are not concerned with Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) as it is achieved trivially.
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Related to Cryptographic Properties

  • Real Properties United has Previously Disclosed to FNB a listing of all real property owned or leased by United or any subsidiary (the “Real Property”) and all leases pertaining to any such Real Property to which United or any subsidiary is a party (the “Real Property Leases”). With respect to all Real Property, United or any subsidiary has good and marketable fee simple title to, or a valid and subsisting leasehold interest in, such Real Property and owns the same free and clear of all mortgages, liens, leases, encumbrances, title defects and exceptions to title other than (i) the lien of current taxes not yet due and payable, and (ii) such imperfections of title and restrictions, covenants and easements (including utility easements) which do not materially affect the value of the Real Property and which do not and will not materially detract from, interfere with or restrict the present or future use of the properties subject thereto or affected thereby. With respect to each Real Property Lease (i) such lease is valid and enforceable in accordance with its terms, (ii) there currently exists no circumstance or condition which constitutes an event of default by United or any subsidiary (as lessor or lessee) or its respective lessor or which, with the passage of time or the giving of required notices will or could constitute such an event of default, and (iii) subject to any required consent of United’s lessor, each such Real Property Lease may be assigned to FNB and the execution and delivery of this Agreement does not constitute an event of default thereunder. To the best knowledge and belief of management of United, the Real Property complies with all applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations, ordinances or orders of any governmental authority, including those relating to zoning, building and use permits, except for such noncompliance as does not or would not have a Material Adverse Effect on United and its subsidiaries, and the Real Property may be used under applicable zoning ordinances for commercial banking facilities as a matter of right rather than as a conditional or nonconforming use. All improvements and fixtures included in or on the Real Property are in good condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and there does not exist any condition which materially adversely affects the economic value thereof or materially adversely interferes (or will interfere after the Merger) with the contemplated use thereof.

  • Owned Properties The "Owned Real Property Schedule" attached hereto sets forth a list of all owned real property (the "Owned Real Property") used by the Company or any of it Subsidiaries in the operation of the Company's or any of it Subsidiaries' business. With respect to each such parcel of Owned Real Property and except for Liens in favor of the Senior Lenders: (i) such parcel is free and clear of all covenants, conditions, restrictions, easements, liens or other encumbrances, except Permitted Encumbrances; (ii) there are no leases, subleases, licenses, concessions, or other agreements, written or oral, granting to any person the right of use or occupance of any portion of such parcel; and (iii) there are no outstanding actions or rights of first refusal to purchase such parcel, or any portion thereof or interest therein.

  • Access to Properties Subject to the rights of Tenants, Borrower shall permit agents, representatives and employees of Lender to inspect the Properties or any part thereof at reasonable hours upon reasonable advance notice.

  • B8 Property Where the Client issues Property free of charge to the Contractor such Property shall be and remain the property of the Client and the Contractor irrevocably licences the Client and its agents to enter upon any premises of the Contractor during normal business hours on reasonable notice to recover any such Property. The Contractor shall not in any circumstances have a lien or any other interest on the Property and the Contractor shall at all times possess the Property as fiduciary agent and bailee of the Client. The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that the title of the Client to the Property and the exclusion of any such lien or other interest are brought to the notice of all sub-contractors and other appropriate persons and shall, at the Client’s request, store the Property separately and ensure that it is clearly identifiable as belonging to the Client.

  • Access to Properties and Records (a) CCE shall, and shall cause TPC to, afford to ETP and ETP’s accountants, counsel and representatives full reasonable access during normal business hours throughout the period prior to the Closing Date (or the earlier termination of this Agreement pursuant to Article VII hereof) to all of the properties, books, contracts, commitments and records (including all environmental studies, reports and other environmental records and all pipeline cost-of-service and rate-related studies, reports and records related to TPC and, during such period, shall furnish to ETP all information concerning the business, properties, Liabilities and personnel related to TPC as ETP may request, provided, however, that no investigation or receipt of information pursuant to this Section 5.2 shall affect any representation or warranty of CCE or the conditions to the obligations of ETP. To the extent not located at the offices or properties of TPC as of the Closing Date, as promptly as practicable thereafter, CCE shall deliver, or cause its appropriate Affiliates to deliver to ETP all of the books of accounts, minute books, record books and other records (including safety, health, environmental, maintenance and engineering records and drawings) pertaining to the business operations of TPC and all financial and accounting records related to TPC. Such delivery shall include all work papers, pleadings, testimony, exhibits, spread sheets, research, drafts, memoranda, correspondence and other documents related to the TPC Rate Case (“TPC Rate Case Work Product”). TPC Rate Case Work Product has been and will be prepared in contemplation of litigation, and the use of TPC Rate Case Work Product has been and will be under the control of TPC’s attorneys. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, CCE shall not be obligated to provide to ETP any documents or records relating to litigation and regulatory matters in which TPC is involved to the extent that CCE reasonably believes such documents or records are subject to the attorney-client or other applicable privilege in circumstances in which TPC is not the sole client unless the parties entitled to such attorney-client or other applicable privilege shall consent thereto and enter into an appropriate joint defense agreement for the purpose of preservation of such attorney-client or other applicable privilege. (b) The information contained herein, in the CCE Disclosure Letter or heretofore or hereafter delivered to ETP or its authorized representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be held in confidence by ETP and its representatives in accordance with the Confidentiality Agreement until the Closing Date with respect to information relating to TPC. Following the Closing Date, CCE shall keep confidential all information related to the business and properties of TPC to the same extent as ETP is obligated to keep such information confidential in accordance with the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement (without regard to the preceding sentence) prior to the Closing Date.

  • Intellectual Properties To the extent permissible under applicable law, all intellectual properties made or conceived by Employee during the term of this employment by Employer shall be the right and property solely of Employer, whether developed independently by Employee or jointly with others. The Employee will sign the Employer’s standard Employee Innovation, Proprietary Information and Confidentiality Agreement (“Confidentiality Agreement”).

  • Assets and Properties (a) The Company and its Subsidiaries have good title to, or a valid leasehold interest in or valid right to use, all material properties and assets used by them, located on their premises or shown on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of August 27, 2005 or acquired after the date thereof, free and clear of all Liens (other than properties and assets disposed of in the ordinary course of business since August 27, 2005, except for Liens disclosed on such consolidated balance sheet, and except for Permitted Liens). The Company and its Subsidiaries own, have a valid leasehold interest in, or have the valid and enforceable right to use all assets, tangible or intangible, necessary for the conduct of their businesses as presently conducted. Except as set forth in Section 4.24(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule and except as would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect, all of the Company's and its Subsidiaries' buildings (including all components of such buildings, structures and other improvements), and all equipment, machinery, fixtures, improvements and other tangible assets (whether owned or leased) are in adequate condition and repair (ordinary wear and tear excepted) for the operation of their businesses as presently conducted. (b) Section 4.24(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the address and description of each parcel of Owned Real Property. With respect to each parcel of Owned Real Property, except as set forth in Section 4.24(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule: (i) the Company or its Subsidiaries have fee simple title, free and clear of all Liens except Permitted Liens as of the Closing Date; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has leased or otherwise granted to any Person the right to use or occupy such Owned Real Property or any portion thereof; and (iii) there are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal to purchase such Owned Real Property or any portion thereof or interest therein. (c) Section 4.24(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the address of each parcel of Leased Real Property, and a complete list of all Leases for each such Leased Real Property (including the date and name of the parties to such Lease document). The Company has made available to Parent and Acquisition Corp. a complete copy of each such Lease. Neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries are party to any oral Leases. Except as set forth in Section 4.24(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, with respect to each of the Leases: (i) as to the Company and its Subsidiaries, such Lease is legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect in all material respects; (ii) the transaction contemplated by this Agreement does not require the consent of or notice to any other party to such Lease, will not result in a material breach of or material default under such Lease, will not give rise to any recapture or similar rights, and will not otherwise cause such Lease to cease to be legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect on identical terms following the Closing; (iii) none of the Company, its Subsidiaries, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other party to the Lease is in material breach or material default under such Lease and no event, with the passage of time or giving of notice or both, would constitute a material breach or default under such Lease; (iv) the other party to such Lease is not an affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (v) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has subleased, licensed or otherwise granted any Person the contractual right to use or occupy such Leased Real Property or any portion thereof; (vi) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has collaterally assigned or granted any other security interest in such Lease or any interest therein; and (vii) there are no Liens on the estate or interest created by such Lease except for Permitted Liens. Except as set forth in Section 4.24(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, none of the Leases contain any capital expenditure requirements or remodeling obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than ordinary maintenance and repair obligations. (d) For purposes of this Agreement, "Permitted Liens" shall mean (i) statutory landlord's, mechanic's, carrier's, workmen's, repairmen's or other similar Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business for amounts which are not due and payable and which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted thereon, (ii) such easements, covenants and other restrictions or encumbrances of record as do not materially affect the ownership or use of the properties or assets subject thereto or affected thereby or otherwise materially affect, restrict or impair business operations at such properties, and (iii) liens pursuant to that certain loan agreement with The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc.

  • Leaseholds If the Mortgage Loan is secured by a long-term residential lease, (1) the lessor under the lease holds a fee simple interest in the land; (2) the terms of such lease expressly permit the mortgaging of the leasehold estate, the assignment of the lease without the lessor's consent and the acquisition by the holder of the Mortgage of the rights of the lessee upon foreclosure or assignment in lieu of foreclosure or provide the holder of the Mortgage with substantially similar protections; (3) the terms of such lease do not (a) allow the termination thereof upon the lessee's default without the holder of the Mortgage being entitled to receive written notice of, and opportunity to cure, such default, (b) allow the termination of the lease in the event of damage or destruction as long as the Mortgage is in existence, (c) prohibit the holder of the Mortgage from being insured (or receiving proceeds of insurance) under the hazard insurance policy or policies relating to the Mortgaged Property or (d) permit any increase in rent other than pre-established increases set forth in the lease; (4) the original term of such lease is not less than 15 years; (5) the term of such lease does not terminate earlier than five years after the maturity date of the Mortgage Note; and (6) the Mortgaged Property is located in a jurisdiction in which the use of leasehold estates in transferring ownership in residential properties is a widely accepted practice;

  • Real Property (a) Section 2.15(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and complete list of the Leases. The Seller has made available to the Buyer a true and complete copy of each Lease. With respect to each Lease, except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect or be material to the MRT Program, taken as a whole: (i) such Lease is valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect, and the Seller or a Selling Subsidiary enjoys peaceful and undisturbed possession of the Leased Real Property; (ii) neither the Seller nor any Selling Subsidiary is in breach or default under such Lease, and no event has occurred or circumstance exists which, with the delivery of notice, passage of time or both, would constitute such a breach or default, and the Seller has paid all rent due and payable under such Lease; (iii) neither the Seller nor any Selling Subsidiary has received nor given any written notice of any default or event that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default by the Seller or a Selling Subsidiary under any of the Leases and, to the Seller’s Knowledge, no other party is in default thereof, and no party to any Lease has exercised any termination rights with respect thereto; (iv) neither the Seller nor any Selling Subsidiary has subleased, assigned or otherwise granted to any Person the right to use or occupy such Leased Real Property or any portion thereof; and (v) neither the Seller nor any Selling Subsidiary has pledged, mortgaged or otherwise granted a Lien on its leasehold interest in any Leased Real Property. (b) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect or be material to the MRT Program, taken as a whole, (i) neither the Seller nor any Selling Subsidiary has received any written notice of (A) material violations of building codes or zoning ordinances or other applicable Laws, (B) existing, pending or, to the Seller’s Knowledge, threatened in writing, condemnation proceedings affecting the Leased Real Property or (C) existing, pending or to the Seller’s Knowledge, threatened in writing, zoning, building code or other moratorium proceedings, or similar matters, which could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the ability to operate the Leased Real Property as currently operated and (ii) during the tenancy of the Seller or any Selling Subsidiary, neither the whole nor any material portion of the Leased Real Property has been damaged or destroyed by fire or other casualty.

  • The Properties Attached hereto as Schedule I is the description of certain Land (the "Subject Property"). Effective upon the execution and delivery of this Lease Supplement by Lessor and Lessee, such Land, together with any Building and other improvements thereon or which thereafter may be constructed thereon shall be subject to the terms and provisions of the Lease and Lessor hereby grants, conveys, transfers and assigns to the Related Lessee those interests, rights, titles, estates, powers and privileges provided for in the Lease with respect to the Subject Property.

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