Deadweight loss Sample Clauses

Deadweight loss. As shown in the chart below, the left side of the chart below illustrates the surplus which consumers and producers get in perfectly competitive markets. The right side illustrates the loss that consumers and producers must bear in a monopoly market in comparison with a perfectly competitive market. The chart shows that the profit maximization of monopoly enterprise makes market price increase from P (pc) to P (m), while supply on the market decreased from Q (pc) to Q (m). In terms of social welfare, if we see social welfare as the sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus, we can easily see that compared with the competitive market, social welfare in the case of monopoly has shrunk by a corresponding area of BCF. Economists call this loss is dead weight loss or the social costs of monopoly. In other words, the total social welfare will be lower than in the competitive market since the loss of consumer surplus is not transferred to the manufacturer but lost in vain. Thus, in terms of economic efficiency, monopoly will lead to inefficient resource allocation, or in other words, the decisions on price and output of the monopolist for the goal of profit maximization has destroyed the goal of maximizing social surplus. Economists, therefore, have recognized the problems caused by monopoly which are market failure and proposed solutions in order to bring market with monopoly elements closer to competitive market. Competition law is one of the tools for state to intervene, control acts of monopoly enterprises, and increase the efficiency of the economy.
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Related to Deadweight loss

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  • Net Loss A Net Loss for a particular fund or, in the case of a multi-class fund, a class results when aggregate Losses exceed aggregate Benefits (i.e., net redemptions on a day the fund’s or class’s NAV is overstated or net subscriptions on a day the fund’s or class’s NAV is understated) during the Error Period.

  • Uninsured Loss Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 9.4 and 9.5, if at any time during the term of this Lease there is damage which is not an Insured Loss and which falls within the classification of Premises Damage or Premises Building Partial Damage, unless caused by a negligent or willful act of Lessee (in which event Lessee shall make the repairs at Lessee's expense), which damage prevents Lessee from making any substantial use of the Premises, Lessor may at Lessor's option either (i) repair such damage as soon as reasonably possible at Lessor's expense, in which event this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, or (ii) give written notice to Lessee within thirty (30) days after the date of the occurrence of such damage of Lessor's intention to cancel and terminate this Lease as of the date of the occurrence of such damage, in which event this Lease shall terminate as of the date of the occurrence of such damage.

  • Insurance, Loss Deductible The Customer shall be exempt from, and in no way liable for, any sums of money which may represent a deductible in any insurance policy. The payment of such deductible shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor providing such insurance. Upon request, the Contractor shall furnish the Customer an insurance certificate proving appropriate coverage is in full force and effect.

  • Insured Loss Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 9.4 and 9.5, if at any time during the term of this Lease there is damage which is an Insured Loss and which falls into the classification of either Premises Damage or Premises Building Partial Damage, then Lessor shall, as soon as reasonably possible and to the extent the required materials and labor are readily available through usual commercial channels, at Lessor's expense, repair such damage (but not Lessee's fixtures, equipment or tenant improvements originally paid for by Lessee) to its condition existing at the time of the damage, and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect.

  • Total Loss An Event of Loss shall occur resulting in the actual or constructive total loss of the Vessel or the agreed or compromised total loss of the Vessel and the proceeds of the insurance in respect thereof shall not have been received within 150 days of the event giving rise to such Event of Loss; or

  • Partial Damage - Insured Loss If a Premises Partial Damage that is an Insured Loss occurs, then Lessor shall, at Lessor's expense, repair such damage (but not Lessee's Trade Fixtures or Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations) as soon as reasonably possible and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect; provided, however, that Lessee shall, at Lessor's election, make the repair of any damage or destruction the total cost to repair of which is $10,000 or less, and, in such event, Lessor shall make any applicable insurance proceeds available to Lessee on a reasonable basis for that purpose. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the required insurance was not in force or the insurance proceeds are not sufficient to effect such repair, the Insuring Party shall promptly contribute the shortage in proceeds (except as to the deductible which is Lessee's responsibility) as and when required to complete said repairs. In the event, however, such shortage was due to the fact that, by reason of the unique nature of the improvements, full replacement cost insurance coverage was not commercially reasonable and available, Lessor shall have no obligation to pay for the shortage in insurance proceeds or to fully restore the unique aspects of the Premises unless Lessee provides Lessor with the funds to cover same, or adequate assurance thereof, within ten (10) days following receipt of written notice of such shortage and request therefor. If Lessor receives said funds or adequate assurance thereof within said ten (10) day period, the party responsible for making the repairs shall complete them as soon as reasonably possible and this Lease shall remain in full force and effect. If such funds or assurance are not received, Lessor may nevertheless elect by written notice to Lessee within ten (10) days thereafter to: (i) make such restoration and repair as is commercially reasonable with Lessor paying any shortage in proceeds, in which case this Lease shall remain in full force and effect, or have this Lease terminate thirty (30) days thereafter. Lessee shall not be entitled to reimbursement of any funds contributed by Lessee to repair any such damage or destruction. Premises Partial Damage due to flood or earthquake shall be subject to Paragraph 9.3, notwithstanding that there may be some insurance coverage, but the net proceeds of any such insurance shall be made available for the repairs if made by either Party.

  • Longer/Shorter Length of Coverage If none of the above rules determine the order of benefits, the benefits of the plan that covered a member or subscriber longer are determined before those of the plan that covered that person for the shorter term.

  • Delivery; Risk of Loss Deliveries must be made both in quantities and at times specified on the face of the Purchase Order or in Buyer's schedules and time is of the essence. Buyer’s delivery schedules are an integral part of the Purchase Order, are governed by these terms and conditions and are not independent contracts. ▪ Buyer will not be required to make payment for goods delivered to Buyer that are in excess of quantities specified in Buyer's delivery schedule on the Purchase Order or in written releases issued by Buyer. Buyer may reject any deliveries made after or before the specified delivery date. Seller will bear all costs and damages incurred by Buyer due to late or early delivery. ▪ If Seller fails to meet the agreed upon delivery requirements for reasons other than those specified in paragraph 13 below, and Buyer requires a more expeditious method of transportation for the goods than the transportation method originally specified, Seller shall ship the goods as expeditiously as possible at Seller's expense and invoice Buyer for the amount, if any, that Buyer would have paid for normal shipment. ▪ Unless provided otherwise in the Purchase Order, all goods are sold DAP. Seller shall be responsible for and bear the risk of any loss or damage to the goods until received by the Buyer.

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