Diarrheal Diseases and Sanitation Sample Clauses

Diarrheal Diseases and Sanitation. ‌ Approximately 2.6 billion people around the world live in poor sanitary conditions in which human excreta are improperly disposed. This unsanitary disposal of waste is linked to such diseases as diarrhea, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and Hepatitis A (WHO, n.d). The global burden of diseases caused by poor water and sanitation is immense: the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are approximately two billion cases of diarrheal disease throughout the world each year, 2.2 million of which result in mortality. Those most deeply affected by diarrheal diseases are children under the age of five; an estimated 1.5 million children under five die from diarrheal disease each year, making it the second highest cause of death among this demographic (WHO, 2009). Furthermore, diarrheal disease is locked in a dangerous cycle with child malnutrition: a diarrheal episode can significantly decrease the body’s nutrients, thus negatively affecting a child’s nutrition status – and malnourished children are then more vulnerable to future diarrheal episodes (WHO, 2009). Xxxxxxxx has also been shown to contribute to poor growth and stunting among young children during their first years of life, when they are undergoing critical stages of development (Xxxxxxxx, 2009, p. 1032). Despite the heavy burden of diarrheal morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide, many of these cases could be prevented by improving water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and behaviors in the developing world (Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx, 2007, p. 19). There are several ways in which feces can come into contact with a new host, including through flies, foods, fingers, fluids, and fields (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 1958). These routes are especially significant when considering the issue of open defecation, which is practiced by approximately 1.2 billion people around the world (WHO, 2008). Open defecation directly deposits human excreta to the environment, thus exposing humans to fecal pathogens through flies, fecal-oral contact, run-off from flowing water, and other pathways. Multiple studies over the years have shown that interventions targeting water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are effective in blocking these fecal transmission pathways and thus significantly decreasing the risk and incidence of diarrheal disease (Xxxxxxxx et al 2005, Xxxxx et al 1991, Xxxxxxxxxx et al 2010, Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxx 2010). A seminal systematic review of WASH- related studies, conducted by Xxx...
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Related to Diarrheal Diseases and Sanitation

  • Environmental Health and Safety i. Environment, Health and Safety Performance. Seller acknowledges and accepts full and sole responsibility to maintain an environment, health and safety management system ("EMS") appropriate for its business throughout the performance of this Contract. Buyer expects that Seller’s EMS shall promote health and safety, environmental stewardship, and pollution prevention by appropriate source reduction strategies. Seller shall convey the requirement of this clause to its suppliers. Seller shall not deliver goods that contain asbestos mineral fibers.

  • Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention and Control The hospital in consultation with the Joint Health and Safety Committee (JHSC) shall develop, establish and put into effect, musculoskeletal prevention and control measures, procedures, practices and training for the health and safety of employees.

  • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 34.01 The parties recognize the need for a safe and healthy workplace. The Employer shall be responsible for providing safe and healthy working conditions. The Employer and Employees will take all reasonable steps to eliminate, reduce or minimize all workplace safety hazards. Occupational health and safety education, training and instruction provided by the Employer, shall be paid at the Basic Rate of Pay, to fulfill the requirements for training, instruction or education set out in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Regulation or Code. (a) There shall be an Occupational Health and Safety Committee (Committee), which shall be composed of representatives of the Employer and representatives of the Local and may include others representing recognized functional bargaining units. This Committee shall meet once a month, and in addition shall meet within 10 days of receiving a written complaint regarding occupational health or safety. An Employee shall be paid the Employee’s Basic Rate of Pay for attendance at Committee meetings. A request to establish separate committees for each site or grouping of sites shall not be unreasonably denied. The Employer shall provide training at no cost to all Employees on the Committee to assist them in performing their duties on the Committee. Training shall be paid at the Employee’s Basic Rate of Pay. (b) Minutes of each meeting shall be taken and shall be approved by the Employer, the Local, and other bargaining groups, referred to in (a), prior to circulation. (c) The purpose of the Committee is to consider such matters as occupational health and safety and the Local may make recommendations to the Employer in that regard. (d) If an issue arises regarding occupational health or safety, the Employee or the Local shall first seek to resolve the issue through discussion with the applicable immediate supervisor in an excluded management position. If the issue is not resolved satisfactorily, it may then be forwarded in writing to the Committee. (e) The Committee shall also consider measures necessary to ensure the security of each Employee on the Employer’s premises and the Local may make recommendations to the Employer in that regard. (f) (i) Should an issue not be resolved by the Committee, the issue shall be referred to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). A resolution meeting between the Local and the CEO, or designate(s), shall take place within 21 calendar days of the issue being referred to the CEO. The CEO or designate(s) shall reply in writing to the Local within seven (7) calendar days of the resolution meeting.

  • Environmental, Health and Safety Matters (a) Comply in all material respects with all applicable Environmental Laws, including, without limitation, obtaining and complying with and maintaining any and all licenses, approvals, notifications, registrations or permits required by applicable Environmental Laws. For purposes of this Section 5.12(a), material noncompliance by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any tenant or subtenant, with any applicable Environmental Law shall be deemed not to constitute a breach of this covenant provided that, upon learning of any actual or suspected material noncompliance, the Company and the relevant Subsidiaries shall promptly undertake all reasonable efforts to achieve material compliance (or contest in good faith by appropriate proceedings the alleged violation or applicable Environmental Law at issue and (to the extent required by GAAP) provide on the books of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, reserves in accordance with GAAP with respect thereto), and provided further that, in any case, such noncompliance, and any other noncompliance with applicable Environmental Law, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (b) Promptly comply in all material respects with all lawful orders and directives of all Governmental Authorities regarding applicable Environmental Laws, except to the extent that the validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and (to the extent required by GAAP) reserves in accordance with GAAP with respect thereto have been provided on the books of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be. (c) Defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and their respective parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, employees, agents, officers and directors, from and against any claims, demands, penalties, fines, liabilities, settlements, damages, costs and expenses of whatever kind or nature, known or unknown, contingent or otherwise, arising out of, or in any way relating to the violation of, noncompliance with or liability under any Environmental Laws applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective operations or properties, or any orders, requirements or demands of Governmental Authorities related thereto, including, without limitation, attorney’s and consultant’s fees, investigation and laboratory fees, response costs, court costs and litigation expenses, except to the extent that any of the foregoing arise out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of (or, as determined pursuant to a claim initiated by the Company, breach in bad faith of its express obligations under the applicable Loan Documents by) the party seeking indemnification therefor, in each case, as determined by a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction. This indemnity shall continue in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement.

  • Infectious Diseases The Employer and the Union desire to arrest the spread of infectious diseases in the nursing home. To achieve this objective, the Joint Health and Safety Committee may review and offer input into infection control programs and protocols including surveillance, outbreak control, isolation, precautions, worker education and training, and personal protective equipment. The Employer will provide training and ongoing education in communicable disease recognition, use of personal protective equipment, decontamination of equipment, and disposal of hazardous waste.

  • Accident Prevention Health and Safety Committee (a) The Employer and the Union agree that they mutually desire to maintain standards of safety and health in the workplace in order to prevent accidents, injury and illness. (b) Recognizing its responsibilities under the applicable legislation, the Employer agrees to accept as a member of its Accident Prevention – Health & Safety Committee at least three (3) representatives, one from each base, selected or appointed by the Union from amongst bargaining unit employees. At any time where a vote is required, an equal number of representatives from each side shall be entitled to vote. (c) Such Committee shall identify potential dangers and hazards, institute means of improving health and safety programs and recommend actions to be taken to improve conditions related to safety and health. (d) The Employee agrees to co-operate reasonably in providing necessary information to enable the Committee to fulfill its functions. (e) Meetings shall be held quarterly or more frequently at the call of the Chair if required. The Committee shall maintain minutes of all meetings and make the same available for review. (f) Any representative appointed or select in accordance with (b) hereof shall serve a term of one (1) calendar year from the date of appointment which may be renewed for further periods of one (1) year. The Union will encourage its representative(s) to serve at least one (1) year. Time off for such representative(s) to attend meetings of the Accident Prevention – Health & Safety Committee in accordance with the foregoing shall be granted and time so spent attending such meetings shall be deemed to be work time for which the representative(s) shall be paid by the Employer at his regular or premium rate as may be applicable. (g) The Union agrees to endeavour to obtain the full co-operation of its membership in the observation of all safety rules and practices. (h) Pregnant employees may request to be transferred from their current duties if, in the professional opinion of the employee’s physician, the pregnancy may be at risk. If such a transfer is not feasible, the pregnant employee, if she so requests, will be granted an unpaid leave of absence before commencement of the maternity leave referred to in Article 16.04

  • Health and hygiene The Hirer shall, if preparing, serving or selling food, observe all relevant food health and hygiene legislation and regulations. In particular dairy products, vegetables and meat on the premises must be refrigerated and stored in compliance with the Food Temperature Regulations. The premises are provided with a refrigerator and thermometer.

  • Smoke Free Environment The Lessor shall make all parts of the leased premise smoke-free. "

  • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (a) It is a mutual interest of the parties to promote health and safety in workplaces and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of workplace injuries and occupational diseases. The parties agree that health and safety is of the utmost importance and agree to promote health and safety and wellness throughout the organization. The employer shall provide orientation and training in health and safety to new and current employees on an ongoing basis, and employees shall attend required health and safety training sessions. Accordingly, the parties fully endorse the responsibilities of employer and employee under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, making particular reference to the following:

  • ENDANGERED SPECIES The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. § 1531, et seq.) as amended, particularly section 7 (16 U.S.C. § 1536).

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