Diarrheal Diseases and Sanitation Sample Clauses

Diarrheal Diseases and Sanitation. ‌ Approximately 2.6 billion people around the world live in poor sanitary conditions in which human excreta are improperly disposed. This unsanitary disposal of waste is linked to such diseases as diarrhea, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and Hepatitis A (WHO, n.d). The global burden of diseases caused by poor water and sanitation is immense: the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are approximately two billion cases of diarrheal disease throughout the world each year, 2.2 million of which result in mortality. Those most deeply affected by diarrheal diseases are children under the age of five; an estimated 1.5 million children under five die from diarrheal disease each year, making it the second highest cause of death among this demographic (WHO, 2009). Furthermore, diarrheal disease is locked in a dangerous cycle with child malnutrition: a diarrheal episode can significantly decrease the body’s nutrients, thus negatively affecting a child’s nutrition status – and malnourished children are then more vulnerable to future diarrheal episodes (WHO, 2009). Xxxxxxxx has also been shown to contribute to poor growth and stunting among young children during their first years of life, when they are undergoing critical stages of development (Xxxxxxxx, 2009, p. 1032). Despite the heavy burden of diarrheal morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide, many of these cases could be prevented by improving water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and behaviors in the developing world (Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx, 2007, p. 19). There are several ways in which feces can come into contact with a new host, including through flies, foods, fingers, fluids, and fields (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 1958). These routes are especially significant when considering the issue of open defecation, which is practiced by approximately 1.2 billion people around the world (WHO, 2008). Open defecation directly deposits human excreta to the environment, thus exposing humans to fecal pathogens through flies, fecal-oral contact, run-off from flowing water, and other pathways. Multiple studies over the years have shown that interventions targeting water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are effective in blocking these fecal transmission pathways and thus significantly decreasing the risk and incidence of diarrheal disease (Xxxxxxxx et al 2005, Xxxxx et al 1991, Xxxxxxxxxx et al 2010, Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxx 2010). A seminal systematic review of WASH- related studies, conducted by Xxx...
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  • Behavioral Health Services – Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Inpatient - Unlimited days at a general hospital or a specialty hospital including detoxification or residential/rehabilitation per plan year. Preauthorization may be required for services received from a non-network provider. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Outpatient or intermediate careservices* - See Covered Healthcare Services: Behavioral Health Section for details about partial hospital program, intensive outpatient program, adult intensive services, and child and family intensive treatment. Preauthorization may be required for services received from a non-network provider. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Office visits - See Office Visits section below for Behavioral Health services provided by a PCP or specialist. Psychological Testing 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Medication-assisted treatment - whenrenderedby a mental health or substance use disorder provider. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Methadone maintenance treatment - one copayment per seven-day period of treatment. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Cardiac Rehabilitation Outpatient - Benefit is limited to 18 weeks or 36 visits (whichever occurs first) per coveredepisode. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Chiropractic Services In a physician's office - limited to 12 visits per plan year. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Dental Services - Accidental Injury (Emergency) Emergency room - When services are due to accidental injury to sound natural teeth. 0% - After deductible The level of coverage is the same as network provider. In a physician’s/dentist’s office - When services are due to accidental injury to sound natural teeth. 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Dental Services- Outpatient Services connected to dental care when performed in an outpatient facility * 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Dialysis Services Inpatient/outpatient/in your home 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Covered Benefits - See Covered Healthcare Services for additional benefit limits and details. Network Providers Non-network Providers (*) Preauthorization may be required for this service. Please see Preauthorization in Section 5 for more information. You Pay You Pay Durable Medical Equipment (DME), Medical Supplies, Diabetic Supplies, Prosthetic Devices, and Enteral Formula or Food, Hair Prosthetics Outpatient durable medical equipment* - Must be provided by a licensed medical supply provider. 20% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Outpatient medical supplies* - Must be provided by a licensed medical supply provider. 20% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Outpatient diabetic supplies/equipment purchasedat licensed medical supply provider (other than a pharmacy). See the Summary of Pharmacy Benefits for supplies purchased at a pharmacy. 20% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Outpatient prosthesis* - Must be provided by a licensed medical supply provider. 20% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Enteral formula delivered through a feeding tube. Must be sole source of nutrition. 20% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Enteral formula or food taken orally * 20% - After deductible The level of coverage is the same as network provider. Hair prosthesis (wigs) - The benefit limit is $350 per hair prosthesis (wig) when worn for hair loss suffered as a result of cancer treatment. 20% - After deductible The level of coverage is the same as network provider. Early Intervention Services (EIS) Coverage provided for members from birth to 36 months. The provider must be certified as an EIS provider by the Rhode Island Department of Human Services. 0% - After deductible The level of coverage is the same as network provider. Education - Asthma Asthma management 0% - After deductible 40% - After deductible Emergency Room Services Hospital emergency room 0% - After deductible The level of coverage is the same as network provider.

  • Health Screening The Contractor shall conduct a Health Needs Screen (HNS) for new members that enroll in the Contractor’s plan. The HNS will be used to identify the member’s physical and/or behavioral health care needs, special health care needs, as well as the need for disease management, care management and/or case management services set forth in Section 3.8. The HNS may be conducted in person, by phone, online or by mail. The Contractor shall use the standard health screening tool developed by OMPP, i.e., the Health Needs Screening Tool, but is permitted to supplement the OMPP Health Needs Screening Tool with additional questions developed by the Contractor. Any additions to the OMPP Health Needs Screening Tool shall be approved by OMPP. The HNS shall be conducted within ninety (90) calendar days of the Contractor’s receipt of a new member’s fully eligible file from the State. The Contractor is encouraged to conduct the HNS at the same time it assists the member in making a PMP selection. The Contractor shall also be required to conduct a subsequent health screening or comprehensive health assessment if a member’s health care status is determined to have changed since the original screening, such as evidence of overutilization of health care services as identified through such methods as claims review. Non-clinical staff may conduct the HNS. The results of the HNS shall be transferred to OMPP in the form and manner set forth by OMPP. As part of this contract, the Contractor shall not be required to conduct HNS for members enrolled in the Contractor’s plan prior to January 1, 2017 unless a change in the member’s health care status indicates the need to conduct a health screening. For purposes of the HNS requirement, new members are defined as members that have not been enrolled in the Contractor’s plan in the previous twelve (12) months. Data from the HNS or NOP form, current medications and self-reported medical conditions will be used to develop stratification levels for members in Hoosier Healthwise. The Contractor may use its own proprietary stratification methodology to determine which members should be referred to specific care coordination services ranging from disease management to complex case management. OMPP shall apply its own stratification methodology which may, in future years, be used to link stratification level to the per member per month capitation rate. The initial HNS shall be followed by a detailed Comprehensive Health Assessment Tool (CHAT) by a health care professional when a member is identified through the HNS as having a special health care need, as set forth in Section 4.2.4, or when there is a need to follow up on problem areas found in the initial HNS. The detailed CHAT may include, but is not limited to, discussion with the member, a review of the member’s claims history and/or contact with the member’s family or health care providers. These interactions shall be documented and shall be available for review by OMPP. The Contractor shall keep up-to-date records of all members found to have special health care needs based on the initial screening, including documentation of the follow-up detailed CHAT and contacts with the member, their family or health care providers.

  • Environmental Health and Safety i. Environment, Health and Safety Performance. Seller acknowledges and accepts full and sole responsibility to maintain an environment, health and safety management system ("EMS") appropriate for its business throughout the performance of this Contract. Buyer expects that Seller’s EMS shall promote health and safety, environmental stewardship, and pollution prevention by appropriate source reduction strategies. Seller shall convey the requirement of this clause to its suppliers. Seller shall not deliver goods that contain asbestos mineral fibers.

  • Tuberculosis Examination The examination shall consist of an approved intradermal tuberculosis test, which, if positive, shall be followed by an X-ray of the lungs. Nothing in Sections 5163 to 5163.2, inclusive, shall prevent the governing body of any city or county, upon recommendation of the local health officer, from establishing a rule requiring a more extensive or more frequent examination than required by Section 5163 and this section. § 5163.2. Technician taking X-ray film; Interpretation of X-ray The X-ray film may be taken by a competent and qualified X-ray technician if the X-ray film is subsequently interpreted by a licensed physician and surgeon.

  • Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention and Control (a) The Hospital in consultation with the Joint Health and Safety Committee (JHSC) shall develop, establish and put into effect, musculoskeletal prevention and control measures, procedures, practices and training for the health and safety of employees.

  • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 47 22.1 Statutory Compliance 47 22.2 Occupational Health and Safety Committee 47 22.3 Unsafe Work Conditions 49 22.4 Investigation of Accidents 49 22.5 Occupational First Aid Requirements and Courses 49 22.6 Occupational Health and Safety Courses 50 22.7 Injury Pay Provisions 50 22.8 Transportation of Accident Victims 50 22.9 Working Hazards 51 22.10 Video Display Terminals 51 22.11 Safety Equipment 51 22.12 Dangerous Goods, Special Wastes and Pesticides & Harmful Substances 51 22.13 Communicable Diseases 51 22.14 Workplace Violence 51 22.15 Pollution Control 52 22.16 Working Conditions 52 22.17 Asbestos 52 22.18 Employee Safety Travelling to and from Work 52 22.19 Strain Injury Prevention 52 ARTICLE 23 - TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE 53 23.1 Definition 53 23.2 Notice 53 23.3 Commencing Negotiations 53 23.4 Failure to Reach Agreement 53 23.5 Training Benefits 53 23.6 Transfer Arrangements 54 23.7 Severance Arrangements 54 ARTICLE 24 - CONTRACTING OUT 54 24.1 Contracting Out 54 24.2 Additional Limitation on Contracting Out 54 ARTICLE 25 - HEALTH AND WELFARE 55 25.1 Basic Medical Insurance 55 25.2 Benefit Entitlement for Part-Time Regular Employees 55 25.3 Extended Health Care Plan 55 25.4 Dental Plan 56 25.5 Group Life 56 25.6 Accidental Death and Dismemberment 56 25.7 Business Travel Accident Policy 57 25.8 WorkSafeBC Claim 57 25.9 Employment Insurance 57 25.10 Medical Examination 57 25.11 Legislative Changes 57 25.12 Employee and Family Assistance Program 57 (v) 25.13 Health and Welfare Plans 57 25.14 Designation of Spouse 58 ARTICLE 26 - WORK CLOTHING 58 26.1 Protective Clothing 58 26.2 Union Label 58 26.3 Uniforms 58 26.4 Maintenance of Clothing 58 26.5 Lockers 58

  • Infection Control Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Infection Control in Health Care Personnel, and University Policy 3364-109-EH-603, the parties agree that all bargaining unit employees who come in contact with patients in the hospital or ambulatory care clinics will need to be vaccinated against influenza when flu season begins each fall. The influenza vaccine will be offered to all health care workers, including pregnant women, before the influenza season, unless otherwise medically contraindicated or it compromises sincerely held religious beliefs.

  • Infectious Diseases The Employer and the Union desire to arrest the spread of infectious diseases in the nursing home. To achieve this objective, the Joint Health and Safety Committee may review and offer input into infection control programs and protocols including surveillance, outbreak control, isolation, precautions, worker education and training, and personal protective equipment. The Employer will provide training and ongoing education in communicable disease recognition, use of personal protective equipment, decontamination of equipment, and disposal of hazardous waste.

  • Accident Prevention Health and Safety Committee The Employer and the Union agree that they mutually to maintain standards of safety and health in the Hospital in order to prevent accidents, injury, and illness. ected or Recognizing its responsibilities under the applicable legislation, the Hospital agrees to accept as a member of its Accident Prevention Health and Safety Committee, at least one (1) representative sel appointed by the Union from amongst Bargaining Unit employees. Such Committee shall identify potential dangers and means of improving health and safety programs, and recommend actions to be taken to improve conditions related to safety and health. The Hospital agrees to co-operate reasonably in providing necessary information to enable the Committee its functions. Meetings shall be held every second month or more frequently at the call of the Chair if required. The Committee shall maintain minutes of meetings and make the Same available for review. Any representative appointed or accordancewith hereof shall serve for a term of one (1) calendar year from the date of appointment which may be renewed for further of one (1) year. Time off for such to attend meetings of the Accident Prevention Health and Safety Committee in accordance with the foregoing shall be granted, and any attending such meetings during their regularly scheduled hours of work shall not lose regular as a result of such The Union agrees to endeavour to obtain the membership in the observation of all safety rules and practices. Safety Shoes The Hospital will provide sixty dollars ($60.00) annually effective April and eighty dollars ($80.00) effective April to each employee who is required by the Hospital, as delineated below, to wear safety footwear during the of his duties. The Hospital will require employees the following functions to wear appropriate Engineering Services; Grounds; Transport; (only where frequently working in storage areas). (as determined by the Hospital) heavy carts on a regular basis, e.g., linen carts, food wagons. ARTICLE BULLETIN BOARDS The Employer shall provide bulletin that all employees will have access to them have the right to post notices of meetings and such other notices as may be of interest to the membership. The wage increase listed on a retroactive to contact,in writing (with a copy to the Union) at their last-known entitle who have left its employ, to advise them of their any retroactive wage adjustment. Any employees who have employees shall have notice from the Hospital in which to claim from the Hospital any adjustment to their remuneration entitlement. The retroactive payments shall be made by separate cheques to the employees so entitled within sixty (60) days from the date of ratification. All other adjustments shall be effective as set out specifically in this Collective Agreement.

  • Health and hygiene The Hirer shall, if preparing, serving or selling food, observe all relevant food health and hygiene legislation and regulations. In particular dairy products, vegetables and meat on the premises must be refrigerated and stored in compliance with the Food Temperature Regulations. The premises are provided with a refrigerator and thermometer.

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