Water and Sanitation. 1. The Parties recognise the need to ensure the availability and sustainable management of the water supply and of sanitation for all and, as a result, they agree to cooperate with regard to, inter alia:
(a) capacity-building for the efficient management of the water supply and sanitation networks;
(b) the effects of water quality on health indicators;
(c) the modernisation of the technology related to water quality, from monitoring to laboratories;
(d) education programmes promoting the need for the conservation, rational use and integrated management of water resources.
2. The Parties agree to pay special attention to the regional actions and cooperation programmes in this sector. TITLE VI ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Water and Sanitation. 01. 02. 01. Waste disposal and latrines
Water and Sanitation. 02.01. Waste disposal and latrines
02.02. Rural water sources
02.03. Urban and municipal supply system
02.04. Water treatment
Water and Sanitation. As a water scarce country South Africa’s water sector is particularly vulnerable to potential negative effects of climate change. This vulnerability demands specific attention being paid to ensuring a resilient water sector. The programme entails upstream localisation opportunities (such as for the repair, maintenance and replacement of pipes and components) and downstream beneficiation opportunities (such as with wastewater treatment by-products) must be fully seized. This also includes expanding the opportunities for the ‘catchment economy’ where new sustainable jobs could be created. A number of interventions have been identified that will support the strengthening of water security. These interventions are not exhaustive but illustrative, and indicate the kinds of interventions that could be explored and built upon:
Water and Sanitation. In accordance with paragraph 15.4 (iii) of the Letter of Development Policy, section on effective delivery of and improved access to core public services, the Recipient has provided evidence satisfactory to the Association that water user committees under a community based maintenance system are actively functioning in at least 50% of Districts, and within these Districts at least 40% of water points are covered by water user committees.
Water and Sanitation. 1. The Parties shall strengthen efforts to xxxxxx access to sufficient, safe and affordable water for personal and domestic use, paying special attention to people in vulnerable situations. They shall promote action to strengthen water security against the impacts of population growth, climate variability and climate change, including through improved water-use efficiency, drinking-water safety, sustainable use of water resources, and development of national water catchment and storage systems.
2. The Parties shall boost physical and affordable access to sanitation for all, in all spheres of life, that is safe, hygienic, secure, socially and culturally acceptable and that provides privacy and ensures dignity. They shall support and strengthen local communities' participation in establishing, managing and maintaining facilities and hygiene practices in households, schools and healthcare facilities, particularly in areas facing difficult challenges, such as rural and remote areas, small islands and informal urban settlements.
3. The Parties acknowledge the importance of shared knowledge and technology, including the capacity building required to plan, deliver and maintain quality water and sanitation systems and infrastructure.
Water and Sanitation. Fresh water is a fundamental resource for small island nations. Most development plans are pivotal on the availability of fresh water. Clean water and proper sanitation enhance the health and productivity of the work force and have particular implications for the children and future generations. The availability of water has been a long-standing problem throughout Kiribati. Natural sources of permanent potable water are limited to groundwater in freshwater lenses. These freshwater lenses are floating on the higher-density seawater beneath the atolls. They are highly vulnerable due to loss of land and inundation resulting from climate cxxxxx. Other sources of water include hand-pump wells, roof catchments and galleries. Groundwater resources in Kiribati are commonly contaminated from human and other solid wastes. This arises from rapid population growth and urbanisation, inadequate use of proper toilet facilities and lack of infrastructure in the sanitation sector. Due to the shallow water tables, seepage of waste into the fragile groundwater system is a common occurrence in Kiribati.
Water and Sanitation. Water In Kiambu County, 75% of residents use improved sources of water (protected spring, protected well, borehole, piped into dwelling, piped and rain water collection), with the rest relying on unimproved sources (such as pond, dam, lake, stream/river, unprotected spring, unprotected well, jabia and water vendor) (KNBS, 2013). Use of improved sources is higher in male headed households at 76% than in female headed households at 73%. Currently, water supply to the Project Area is by the Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company (NCWSC). Information from NCWSC’s metre readings indicate that between July and September 2016, an amount of 2,000 – 3,000 m3 was supplied to the project area per week (not including part of Mwiki, which would be additional to this amount). This 2,000 to 3,000 m3 is spread over the 4 days per week when water is supplied. More recent meter readings are not available and it is reported that reading of the meter is no longer done. However, it is also reported that in 2017 the amount of water supplied is likely to be less, because the dry spell experienced led to more rationing. In addition to the above, a few of the community members within the greater Githurai Area get water from both private and community boreholes. The current actual demand for water in the area supplied by NCWSC is estimated to be about 5,000 m3/day, hence less than 10% of the demand is covered by NCWSC and this is also not a continuous supply. This implies that the project area currently has insufficient improved sources of water and unless alternative sources are identified, water shortages will continue to increase as the demand increases due to projected increase in the number of settlements and population growth. Due to the current insufficient improved sources of water, many people in the project area rely on unimproved sources of water such as seasonal streams, rivers Ruiru and Bathi, tankers and buying from mobile water vendors. Sanitation A total of 80% of residents in Kiambu County use improved sanitation, while the rest use unimproved sanitation (KNBS, 2013). Use of improved sanitation is almost equal in male headed households at 80% and female headed households at 79%. Most of the project area population appreciates cleanliness and hygiene, and are relatively conscious of their hygiene and the need for clean water. Wastes generated at various levels of the community are generally assimilated into the environmental system. Such wastes include: • Farm wast...
Water and Sanitation. Access to drinking water has been identified as the number one priority for both the Covered Communities and the XXX. Access to drinking water and safe sanitation services is essential for public health and well-being, and for the environment. Improved water supply and sanitation practices have reduced the risk of disease, and improved the productivity and income of millions of rural families around the world. Such issues are currently faced by the Covered Communities, therefore improved water and sanitation would contribute to improved health as well as act as an enabler for economic development. Sasol will contract a third-party expert partner to design and implement a programme that will aim at delivering effective access to water for the majority of the Covered Communities within the Term of this LDA. The specific sequencing and programme roll out will be determined by the expert implementation partner/organisation and will be reflected in the annual LDA work plans. To the extent possible, the project will also extend to the Secondary Beneficiaries. Project modality and nature of project interventions to achieve such outcome will be determined by the expert implementing partner. The Covered Communities benefiting from the programme will be involved and participate in the design and implementation of such programme interventions and will receive appropriate training for their participation. The programme would adopt a holistic, developmental approach that seeks to address issues around the reliability of water supply, the sustainability of water systems, the governance around water management, the affordability of services, and equitable access to water for all.
Water and Sanitation. Medium- and Long-term phase (January 2009 – January 2011)
