Dispute in the 1950s Sample Clauses

Dispute in the 1950s. In early 1952, Pakistan established a prohibited area along its western border with Afghanistan,229 therefore Indian carriers were forced to fly via Karachi before continuing to Iran, and then north to Kabul, comprising a flight path of 1,900 miles.230 India claimed that Pakistan violated Article 9 of the Chicago Convention, because the action was discriminatory: the prohibited area was subjectively imposed only against India; in contrast, other countries, such as Iran, still enjoyed the privilege of overflight.231 Second, the Pakistani pro- hibited airspace is not of reasonable extent and location, because of its excessive impact upon commercial aviation.232 Pakistan countered that it had simply inherited the prohibited areas estab- lished in British India in 1935,233 and due to the hostility of the local popula- tion toward India, the government could not guarantee the safety of Indian crew and passengers along Pakistan’s western border.234 Speaking of the legality of the 1950s prohibited area, it seems difficult to justify Pakistan’s action as far as Article 9 of the Chicago Convention is con- cerned. Being a Contracting States of the Chicago Convention since 1947,235 Pakistan has agreed to observe the conditions in Article 9 in establishing prohibited airspace; the historical west-border restrictions have to be viewed in light of lex posterior, the Chicago Convention. Article 9 of the Chicago Convention requires Contracting States not to discriminate aircraft on the basis of nationality. Pakistan’s action in 1950s, driven by the population’s opposition 229 Xxxxx, pp. 204-205. 230 Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation, Routledge 2016, pp. 172-174. 231 Xxxxx, pp. 204-205. 232 Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation, Routledge 2016, p. 173. 233 ibid. 234 ICAO Press Release 1952, in Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation, Routledge 2016, p. 173. 235 Pakistan adheres to the Chicago Convention on 6 November 1947. India adheres to the Chicago Convention on 1 March 1947. See https://xxx.xxxx.xxx/secretariat/legal/List% 20of%20Parties/Chicago_EN.pdf, last accessed 6 September 2020. against India, did target Indian carrier and Indian aircraft.236 It was only Indian aircraft that cannot transit over the said prohibited area in Pakistan. Thus, a distinction is made due to aircraft’s nationality; this distinction violates Article 9 of the Chicago Convention. Finally, the dispute was settled through Pakistan’s establishment ...
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Related to Dispute in the 1950s

  • Settlement of Disputes between the Parties 1. Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Chapter shall, as far as possible, be settled with consultation through diplomatic channel. 2. If a dispute cannot thus be settled within 6 months, it shall, upon the request of either Party, be submitted to an ad hoc arbitral tribunal. 3. Such tribunal comprises of 3 arbitrators. Within 2 months of the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, each Party shall appoint one arbitrator. Those 2 arbitrators shall, within further 2 months, together select a national of a third State having diplomatic relations with both Parties who, upon approval by the Parties, shall be appointed as Chairman of the arbitral tribunal. 4. If the arbitral tribunal has not been constituted within 4 months from the receipt of the written notice requesting arbitration, either Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Party or is otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions, the Member of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Party or is not otherwise prevented from discharging the said functions shall be invited to make such necessary appointments. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall determine its own procedure. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the principles of international law recognized by both Parties. 6. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award by a majority of votes. Such award shall be final and binding upon both Parties. The arbitral tribunal shall, upon the request of either Party, explain the reasons of its award. 7. Each Party shall bear the costs of its appointed arbitrator and of its representation in arbitral proceedings. The relevant costs of the Chairman and tribunal shall be borne in equal parts by the Parties.

  • Disputes between the Parties (1) Disputes between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall, if possible, be amicably settled through consultation. (2) If a dispute between the Parties cannot thus be settled within a period of six months, it shall upon the request of either Party be submitted to an arbitral tribunal. (3) Such an arbitral tribunal shall be constituted for each individual case in the following way. Within two months of the receipt of the request for arbitration, each Party shall appoint one member of the tribunal. Those two members shall then select a national of a third State who on approval by the Parties shall be appointed Chairman of the tribunal. The Chairman shall be appointed within two months from the date of appointment of the other two members. (4) If within the periods specified in paragraph (3) of this article the necessary appointments have not been made, either Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the Chairman of the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce to make any necessary appointments. If the Chairman is a national of either Party or if he is otherwise prevented from discharging the said function, the Vice-Chairman shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. If the Vice-Chairman is a national of either Party or if he too is prevented from discharging the said function, the Member of the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce next in seniority who is not a national of either Party shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. (5) The arbitral tribunal shall reach its award by a majority of votes. Each Party shall bear the costs of its own member of the tribunal and of its representation in the arbitral proceedings; the costs of the Chairman and remaining costs shall be borne in equal parts by the Parties. The tribunal may, however, in its award direct that a highter proportion of this costs shall be borne by one of the two Parties. The tribunal shall determine its own procedure. This award shall be final and binding on the Parties.

  • Dispute In the event of any disagreement between the undersigned or the person or persons named in the instructions contained in this Agreement, or any other person, resulting in adverse claims and demands being made in connection with or for any papers, money or property involved herein, or affected hereby, the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to refuse to comply with any demand or claim, as long as such disagreement shall continue, and in so refusing to make any delivery or other disposition of any money, papers or property involved or affected hereby, the Escrow Agent shall not be or become liable to the undersigned or to any person named in such instructions for its refusal to comply with such conflicting or adverse demands, and the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to refuse and refrain to act until: (a) the rights of the adverse claimants shall have been fully and finally adjudicated in a Court assuming and having jurisdiction of the parties and money, papers and property involved herein or affected hereby, or (b) all differences shall have been adjusted by agreement and the Escrow Agent shall have been notified thereof in writing, signed by all the interested parties.

  • Payment Disputes We will not exercise Our rights under Section 6.3 (Overdue Charges) or 6.4 (Suspension of Service and Acceleration) above if You are disputing the applicable charges reasonably and in good faith and are cooperating diligently to resolve the dispute.

  • Disagreement Any dissension between the parties other than a grievance defined in the agreement and other than a dispute defined in the Labour Code.

  • Agreement Made in California; Venue The formation, interpretation and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. Venue for all litigation relative to the formation, interpretation and performance of this Agreement shall be in San Francisco.

  • Indemnification in Third Party Proceedings Subject to Section 10 below, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by the Code, as the same may be amended from time to time (but, only to the extent that such amendment permits Indemnitee to broader indemnification rights than the Code permitted prior to adoption of such amendment), if Indemnitee is a party to or threatened to be made a party to or otherwise involved in any proceeding, for any and all expenses, actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of such proceeding.

  • Settlement of Disputes between the Contracting Parties 1. Disputes between the Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement should, if possible, be settled through diplomatic channels. 2. If a dispute between the contracting Parties cannot thus be settled, it shall upon the request of either Contracting Party be submitted to an arbitral tribunal. 3. Such as arbitral tribunal shall be constituted for each individual case in the following way. Within two months of the receipt of the request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one member of the tribunal. Those two members shall then select a national of a third State who an approval by the two Contracting Parties shall be appointed Chairman of the tribunal. The Chairman shall be appointed within two months from the date of appointment of the other two members. 4. If within the periods specified in paragraph 3 of this Article the necessary appointments have not been made either Contracting Party may, in the absence of any other agreement, invite the President of the International Court of Justice to make any necessary appointments. If the President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he is otherwise prevented from discharging the said function, the Vice-President shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. If the vice- President is a national of either Contracting Party or if he too is prevented form discharging the said function, the members of the International Court of Justice next in seniority who is not a national of either Contracting Party Shall be invited to make the necessary appointments. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall reach its decision by a majority of votes. Such decision shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party shall bear the cost of its own member of the tribunal and of its representation in the arbitral proceedings; the cost of the Chairman and the remaining cost shall be borne in equal parts by the Contracting Parties. The tribunal may, however, in its decision direct that a higher proportion of costs shall be borne by one of the two Contracting Parties, and this award shall be binding on both Contracting Parties. The tribunal shall determine its won procedure.

  • Disputes between a Contracting Party and an Investor (1) Any dispute which may arise between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party in connection with an investment on the territory of that other Contracting Party shall be subject to negotiations between the parties in dispute. (2) If any dispute between an investor of one Contracting Party and the other Contracting Party continues to exist after a period of three months, investor shall be entitled to submit the case either to: (a) The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes having regard to the applicable provisions of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States opened for signature at Washington D.C. on 18 March 1965, or in case both Contracting Parties have not become parties to this Convention, (b) An arbitrator or international ad hoc arb1 tral tribunal established under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The parties to the dispute may agree in writing to modify these Rules. The arbitral awards shall be final and binding on both Parties to the dispute.Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The parties to the dispute may agree in writing to modify these Rules. The arbitral awards shall be final and binding on both Parties to the dispute.

  • Disputes In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Exercise Price or the arithmetic calculation of the number of Warrant Shares issuable in connection with any exercise, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder the number of Warrant Shares that are not disputed.

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