Electrophysiology of Group III mGluRs Sample Clauses

Electrophysiology of Group III mGluRs. Group III mGluRs are thought to have an inhibitory effect on cellular excitability and synaptic transmitter release. While their subcellular presynaptic localization is very similar, the differential sensitivity to glutamate and pharmacoagents provide a wide range for threshold of activation (Conn and Pin, 1997). Due to a lack of specific compounds, researchers have used available agonists and antagonists at variable concentrations to target receptors at different sensitivity levels in order to elucidate the electrophysiological properties of group III mGluRs. The availability of knockout animals proved to be a helpful tool in the field of electrophysiology because it allowed for the testing of receptor types with similar pharmacologic properties. Group III mGluRs are consistently described as presynaptic auto- or hetero- receptors (Xxxxx and Hablitz, 1994; Calabresi et al., 1996; Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 0000; Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx, 1990; Manzoni and Bockaert, 1995; Rainnie and Xxxxxxxx- Xxxxxxxxx, 1992). At the corticostriatal synapse, application of group III mGluR agonists significantly decreased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), evoked by cortical stimulation (Xxxxxx et al., 1997). Pharmacologic evidence has implied that mGluR4 could be responsible for the negative modulation of the striatopallidal synapse via a presynaptic mechanism (Xxxxxxx et al., 2003). In the SN, either mGluR4 or mGluR8 inhibit excitatory neurotransmission via a presynaptic mechanism (Xxxxxxx et al., 2005). Knock-out animals have shown to have significant behavioral and physiological deficits, proposing a role for the group III mGluRs in the modulation of certain neurocircuits. Increased measures of anxiety and weight gain accompanied by performance deficits in learning tasks has been noted in mGluR8 knock-out animals (Duvoisin et al., 2005; Xxxxxx et al., 2002; Linden et al., 2002). Increased seizure susceptibility has been recorded in mGluR7 knock-out mice.
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