Extrapolation. To predict a future zero crossing, the zero crossing function f must be ex- trapolated. For rst order extrapolation, the following calculation is used:
Extrapolation. Following an audit, the Commission services will indicate in the final report whether the possible errors detected during the audit are of a systematic nature, i.e. if they are such that it is reasonable to assume that they affect not only the Grant Agreement actually audited, but also other GA where the audited entity participates. If there are errors of systematic nature, the letter of conclusion accompanying the final audit report will require the beneficiaries to apply the findings of the audit and to correct the errors in all FP7 projects by re-submitting within a given deadline the financial statements of all projects where the audited entity participates. These revised financial statements should take into account the conclusions of the audit. The beneficiary will have the possibility of explaining why the audit findings should not be extrapolated to other GA. Should the beneficiary not react, the Commission may suspend all FP7 payments owed to this beneficiary until the revised cost statements are submitted, and follow-up audits of the beneficiaries' GA may be carried out by the Commission. The Commission has adopted in December 2009 a Communication regarding simplification of the recovery process in the framework of the implementation of the audit strategy under the Framework Programmes. The Communication permits the use of flat rate corrections based on the average error rates observed in the audited projects to establish the amounts to be recovered; in that way, the extrapolation exercise can be now performed without examining each non-audited periods of projects or even without re-calculating the sums claimed. The calculation of the actual debt can be made on the basis of one of the following methods: - Method 1: where the audit has identified the existence of a systematic error, the beneficiary shall precisely recalculate the costs affected by the systematic error in each of the non- audited projects/periods and report the corresponding adjustments to the Commission in due form. - Method 2: however, with the aim to simplify extrapolation the beneficiary may choose to adjust the individual cost category (personnel, subcontracting, other costs, indirect costs,.) affected by the systematic error by the application of a flat-rate correction. The flat-rate corresponds to the average of the individual systematic error in a given cost category identified in the audited projects/periods. - Method 3: the beneficiary may also opt to apply an overall fla...
Extrapolation. Following an audit, the IMI JU services will indicate in the final report whether the possible errors detected during the audit are of a systemic nature, i.e. if they are such that it is reasonable to assume that they affect not only the IMI grant agreement actually audited, but also other IMI grant agreements where the audited entity participates. If there are errors of systemic nature, the letter of conclusion accompanying the final audit report will require the beneficiaries to apply the findings of the audit and to correct the errors in all IMI JU projects by re-submitting within a given deadline the financial statements of all projects where the audited entity participates. These revised financial statements should take into account the conclusions of the audit. The beneficiary will have the possibility of explaining why the audit findings should not be extrapolated to other IMI grant agreements. Should the beneficiary not react, the IMI JU may suspend all payments owed to this beneficiary until the revised cost statements are submitted, and follow-up audits of the beneficiaries may be carried out by the IMI JU.
7.2. Technical audits and reviews (Article II.22)
Extrapolation. Follow the procedures found in PIM 3.10 and Exhibits 9-12, as well as MMA Section 935(a), regarding the use of extrapolation.
Extrapolation. With respect to any Lease Year in which the Building or Building Portion A is not 95% occupied, the Operating Costs which vary based on the occupancy of the Building shall, for the purpose of determining Operating Costs, be increased for such period to the amount which would have been incurred had the Building or Building Portion A, as the case may be, been 95% occupied. D.
Extrapolation. Extrapolation is the process of constructing new data points outside a discrete set of known data points, i.e., predicting some outcome on a yet unavailable moment (see Fig- ure 7.2). It is closely related to the process of interpolation, which constructs new points between known points and therefore utilizes many of its concepts, although its results are often less reliable.
Extrapolation. After selecting the best extrapolation scheme for our type of data our method creates a function that extrapolates item behavior. For the same data the different schemes can yield different results as illustrated in Figure 7.8, so care should be taken to select the right type of extrapolation for the data under consideration. One advantage of this approach is that the extrapolation or prediction is immediately visualized to the end-user rather than presenting him or her with a large amount of nu- xxxxxxx data. If the user is familiar with the data under consideration, he/she can analyze the prediction in an eye blink. Augmenting the system with a click and point interface would enable the end-user to use the prediction as a starting point for further research.
Extrapolation. Can information from bulk or other nanomaterials be used? 20
3.1.4.1 What guidance can be provided on how to decide when information from different forms of nanomaterials (or from the bulk material) can be ’re-used'? 20
