General Systems Theory Sample Clauses

General Systems Theory. According to the general systems theory by Xxxxxxxxxxx0, systems consist of elements (subsystems), which show a correlation (dynamics). A system is divided from its environment 1 Cf. Xxxxxxxxxxx, X., General Systems Theory, New York, 1968. by system borders (difference). A distinction is made between open and closed systems. In contrast to closed systems, open systems are interacting with their environment, exchanging material, energy and information. These relations are shown in figure 2. System Border Peripheral System Elements Figure 2: System-theoretical model, modified according to Xxxxxxxxxxx, L., General Systems Theory, New York, 1968. The general systems theory can be used to gain a better understanding of real systems, effects on systems and system interventions. A system intervention is described as a change of complex systems in terms of one or more objectives.2 By linking the general systems concept (theory) and the research object (empiricism), a gain in knowledge (synthesis), e.g. in the form of actions or recommendations, can be achieved. Complex systems are often beyond a linear cause-effect scheme. Accordingly, the control of a system becomes the more sophisticated, the more complex a system is. The system-theoretical approach can be applied as follows on USEmobility: The transport system is an artificial (man-made), complex, dynamic, real and open system. It can be distinguished from a political, social, legal, economic, environmental peripheral system, but is strongly correlated with it. The objective of USEmobility includes the derivation of recommendations for policy, transport operators, civil societies, such as passengers’ associations and other decision makers. These system interventions will affect the mobility behaviour of European citizens. It has to be kept in mind that in many cases linear cause-effect relations do not exist. Additionally, the actions must be considered in the light of the various peripheral systems of the individual countries.
Sample 1
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