Human biting behavior and transmission potential Sample Clauses

Human biting behavior and transmission potential. A. pharoensis is weakly anthropophilic, and it bites humans and animals indoors or outdoors, rest- ing outdoors after feeding. Females will enter houses and bite man, but prefer domestic animals. They feed from dusk to xxxx with a peak at about 01:00 (Gillies and deMeillon 1968). The malaria vector status of A. pharoensis is well established in Egypt (Xxxxxx & Xxxx, 1937), but uncertain in Africa south of the Sahara, despite several records of sporozoite-positive specimens (Xxxxxxx & Xx Xxxxxxx, 1968; Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1987). These contrasting views on the vector role of A. pharoen- sis might be correlated with the existence of different sibling species, as suggested by Xxxxx et al. (1983) from polytene chromosome studies on material from different African localities. Egyptian vector populations of A. pharoensis are characterized by the chromosomal Xu inversion, whereas the alternative standard arrangement X+“allows the recognition of markedly zoophilic and exopha- gic non-vector A. pharoensis. Both karyotypes occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where apparent varia- tions in the biting behaviour of A. pharoensis lead to a puzzling situation when analyzing its role as a vector, particularly in areas where most of the malaria transmission is due to A. funestu.s and A. gambiae s.1. The finding of five CS-positive specimens, their distribution in time and the scarcity of other malaria vectors, strongly support the involvement of An. pharoensis in the maintenance of meso-endemic P. falciparum malaria in the Senegal River delta.
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