HYSTERESIS LOSSES Sample Clauses

HYSTERESIS LOSSES. The hysteresis losses are estimated from the magnetization loop measured by a DC magnetometer. The measurements are taken at liquid Helium temperature. The bath temperature shall be measured with an accuracy of at least 10 mK. If not at 4.22 K, the data shall be temperature-corrected using a formula provided by F4E. A SQUID magnetometer or a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) is adequate for the test. [**] The accuracy of the magnetic field setting, including homogeneity over the sample volume, shall be better than 0.2 %. The magnetic field steps shall be less than 0.2 T at 0.5 T < B < 3 T. Below 0.5 T and at field reverse, the steps shall be smaller than 0.1 T. The DC magnetization loop is reconstructed by interpolation of the measured points. The hysteresis loss is evaluated from the area of the M(B) loop, for bipolar loops spanning from -B to +B. The measured magnetization signal is calibrated using ferromagnetic metals samples with the same shape and known magnetization (e.g. a spiral wire of Nickel or Palladium). The overall accuracy of the test method, including calibration error, reproducibility, precision of the magnetometer, interpolation and integration error, is ± 3%. The hysteresis loss shall be reported per unit volume of strand. The hysteresis losses can also be derived from the AC losses for ± 3T cycle measured as a function of the field sweep rates. The loss curve values are obtained by boil-off calorimetry or by integrating the magnetisation loop M(B) measured by pick-up coils for the selected values of field sweep rate. The hysteresis losses are then extrapolated from the linear slope of the loss curve. The calibration of the measurement methods and the verification of reasonable scattering (< 5%) by appropriate benchmark action are deemed necessary in both cases. For reference, the two standards IEC61788-13 and IEC61788-8 may be used to the extent they are applicable to Nb3Sn strands and do not contradict the requirements described above.
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Related to HYSTERESIS LOSSES

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