Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Reduction Sample Clauses

Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Reduction. Intergroup relations refer torelations between two or more groups and their respective members” (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 1979, p. 9). Based on the assumption that intergroup prejudice is a function of knowledge about outgroups, Allport (1954) specified four conditions under which increased intergroup contact could lead to increased outgroup knowledge which in turn could lead to reduced intergroup prejudice (or improved intergroup relationships). Following Allport, generations of contact researchers devoted to empirically examining the effects of intergroup contact under the optimal conditions (i.e., equal status, common goal, acquaintance potential, and institutional support). The general conclusion is that frequent and meaningful contact leads to improved intergroup attitudes (Xxxxxx & Xxxx, 2017; Xxxxxxx, Love, Schellhaas, & Xxxxxxxx, 2017; XxXxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 2016; Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2006; Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2011). Intergroup contact theory, proposed by Xxxxxxxxx (1998), provides further explaining mechanisms for the contact-lead-to-reduction process. Specifically, Xxxxxxxxx described four interrelated processes that may occur during intergroup contact and lead to improved intergroup attitudes: learning about outgroup, changing behavior, generating affective ties, and ingroup reappraisal. Contact research also showed that these four processes may all occur in cross-group friendships. Furthermore, the affective measures for such relationships showed the strongest moderation effect on the contact-lead-to-reduction process (Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2011; Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2006). Intergroup anxiety has been found to be a key mediator in the contact-lead-to-reduction process (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxx, 2008; Xxxxxxx, 2014; Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1985, 1996, 2000). Intergroup anxiety can be an antecedent to stereotype-driven interactions, which can lead to negative communication outcomes. Intergroup anxiety can also be an outcome of negative intergroup contact, which can lead to negative expectations or avoidance for future intergroup contact (Islam & Hewstone, 1993; Plant & Xxxxxx, 2003). Research in various relational contexts has shown that reducing intergroup anxiety can be a key to improving intergroup attitudes (Xxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2012; Xxxxx, 2003; Xxx Xxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 2005; Xxxxxx et al., 2019). Humor research has shown that humor can be used as a stress-coping mechanism in various social contex...
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