Descriptive Summery for the Sample Clauses

Descriptive Summery for the. Amazon Mechanical Turk Participants 22 4.1 Descriptive Summery for Measured Variables by Conditions 29 Chapter 1 Introduction [I]f the syndrome of the prejudiced personality is correctly defined ..., we can easily believe humor is a missing ingredient; also that it is a present ingredient in the syndrome of tolerance. One who can laugh at oneself is unlikely to feel greatly superior to others. Allport (1954, p. 409) In his pioneering work on intergroup prejudice, Allport (1954) theorized a wide range of factors related to this human social phenomenon from various perspectives - political, sociocultural, developmental, cognitive, personality, and historical. In particular, Xxxxxxx described a few manifestations of what he termed tolerant personality trait - people who are self-aware and self-critical usually have more tolerance for others. Another trait that is closely related to the tolerant personality trait is one’s “sense of humor”. According to Allport, “a person’s sense of humor is closely related to his degree of self-insight. Yet, just what humor is, it is hard to say, and its accurate measurement is beyond the present competence of psychology. But we venture to assert that humor is probably an important variable in relation to prejudice. One who can laugh at oneself is unlikely to feel greatly superior to others” (p. 437; cf. Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 1947; Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1947). Sense of humor as a personality factor, according to Xxxxxxx (1954), may explain individual variations in tolerance for the differences between social groups. To further expand Allport’s theoretical speculation, one direction is to examine humor from a communication perspective. As Xxxxx (2002) points out that “[a]ll humor is fundamentally a communicative activity. At its most basic level humor is an intended or unintended message interpreted as funny” (p.423). In recent years, communication scholars have paid an increased attention to the study of humor in various communicative/relational contexts ranging from interpersonal (e.g., Xxxx, 2013, 2017), intergenerational (e.g., Xxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 2017), educational (Sidelinger, 2014), to political (e.g., Xxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2019; Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2016). This line of research on humor and communication by these scholars has been published in top communication journals such as Communication Research, Journal of Communication, and Communication Monographs. In the context of intergroup communication, humorous messages t...