Landscape Genetics and Relevance to Raccoon Sample Clauses

Landscape Genetics and Relevance to Raccoon. Rabies Landscape genetics, a newly emerging field combining molecular population genetics and landscape ecology, can be used to understand how heterogeneity across the landscape affects population structuring at different geographic and temporal scales (Sork et al. 1999; Manel et al. 2003). While some boundaries to gene flow are evident (mountains, rivers, etc.), others may be cryptic and can result from genetic differentiation in areas without any obvious causes, or from secondary contact in areas where populations were previously isolated (Manel et al. 2003). Since landscape connectivity can change over time, the temporal component has become increasingly important when attempting to interpret the evolutionary processes giving rise to current spatial patterns of genetic differentiation (Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx 2009). In the past, gene flow was often described based on mitochondrial markers and thus reflected an evolutionary time scale; however, advances in nuclear molecular marker development (microsatellites, etc.) and statistical modeling have permitted the examination of gene flow on an ecological time scale as well (Sork et al. 1999). These methods have recently been used to distinguish between historical and contemporary barriers to gene flow in a variety of study systems and have a wide range of applicability (Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2008; Xxxxxxx et al. 2008; Paun et al. 2008; Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx 2009). Furthermore, the application of landscape genetics based studies to disease management is now beginning to gain momentum, especially in the context of examining barriers to host gene flow (Blanchong et al. 2008; XxXxxxx et al. 2009; Root et al. 2009; Xxxxxx et al. 2010).
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Related to Landscape Genetics and Relevance to Raccoon

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