Models and frameworks of citizen and consumer participation Sample Clauses

Models and frameworks of citizen and consumer participation. Although Xxxxxxxx’x ladder remains one of the most influential theories on citizen participation, number of scholars and researchers applied and reinterpreted Xxxxxxxx’x ladder, most of them rejecting the liner power-oriented process for citizen engagement. Some of the remarkable theoretical frameworks suggested for citizen participation in subsequent years are listed in the Table 2 below. Table 2: Models and frameworks for citizen participation Year Model and framework Author 1969 Ladder of citizen participation Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx 1993 Framework of lay participation in health care decision making X. Xxxxxxx and X. XxXxxx 1994 Guide to effective participation Xxxxx Xxxxxx 1994 Politics of de-centralisation Xxxxx Xxxxx 1996 Eight rungs ladder: a ladder for participation in under- developed countries Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx- Xxxxxxxx 1998 Wheel of participation: Spinning the wheel of empowerment Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx 2006 Power cube: finding the space for change- a power analysis Xxxx Xxxxxxx 2007 Spectrum of public participation International Association for Public Participation 2008 Framework for describing consumer involvement in research agenda setting S.R. Xxxxxx 2009 Model of patient and public involvement Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx