Nephentes and Dionaea Low Sample Clauses

Nephentes and Dionaea Low. Interaction Honeypot Nepenthes is a low-interaction honeypot designed to capture malware related to known attacks. It is motivated by the observation that most malware is distributed by well-known Internet worms and other automated attacks. Since the complete data exchange during these attacks is known, no real operating system is required to communicate with the attacker. Instead a finite state machine identifies known protocol requests or other network traffic and selects a suitable constant answer which is sent to the attacker. The finite state machine is manually designed in a way that allows the attack to proceed. For example, most exploits for vulnerabilities in Windows have to start a protocol negotiation (e.g. to be able to call functions over Distributed Computing Environment / Remote Procedure Calls (DCE/RPC)) in order to be able to exploit the targeted vulnerability. The main advantage of the finite state machine is its efficiency. This allows a single machine to monitor a large network. During most attacks, code is injected into the vulnerable process. The vulnerability is exploited in such a way that the control flow is diverted to execute this code. Historically, the code starts an interactive shell which allows the attacker to manually control the compromised system. For that reason, the code is typically denoted as shell code. The most important task of current shell code is to subsequently download and install other malware after the attack. The code can thus be leveraged to capture the malware. After the finite state machine processes the attack, the code is extracted and analysed. Nepenthes architecture consists of different types of modules that emulate vulnerable services and backdoors (vulnerability modules) for parsing and analysing shell code (shell code parsing modules), for downloading files from HTTP and FTP servers, and for logging the results. The data flow between the modules is provided by a central dispatcher that invokes the appropriate module and supplies the data to it. For example, if shell code has been captured, the dispatcher for shell code passes this data successively to all shell code parsing modules until one is able to successfully parse the shell code. Additional modules for new attacks can be added to the Nepenthes framework. For each new attack or vulnerability, an individual module has to be manually developed that implements the communication with the attacker or attack tool. In addition, a shell code parsin...