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Non Commercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact xxxxxxxxxxx@xxx.xx.xx providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. INTEREFERENCE MANAGEMNET IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx Centre for Telecommunications Research School of Natural & Mathematical Sciences King’s College London Doctor of Philosophy June 2013 This thesis is dedicated to my parents for their love and endless support. Acknowledgements Completing my PhD degree was probably the most challenging part of my life. The best and worst moments of my doctoral journey have been shared with many people. It has been a great privilege to spend several years in the Centre for Telecommunications Research (CTR) at King’s College London, and its members will always remain dear to me. At the end of my thesis I would like to thank all those people who made this thesis possible and an unforgettable experience for me. The highest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Xx Xxxxxxxx Xxxx Nakhai, for his support, patience, and encouragement throughout my PhD studies. It is not often that one finds a supervisor that always finds the time for listening to the little problems and roadblocks that unavoidably crop up in the course of performing research. His technical and editorial advice was essential to the completion of this dissertation and has taught me innumer- able lessons and insights on the workings of academic research in general. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my PhD study. I am grateful to to my beloved parents; Xx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Esfahani and Xxx. Xxxxxx Xxxxxx. Their love provided my inspiration and was my driving force. I owe them everything and wish I could show them just how much I love and appreciate them. I wish also to thank my brothers; Xx Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Esfahani and Xx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Esfahani for their endless love and encouragement. I would like to thank my former colleague, Xx Xxxx Xxx Xx for his valuable assistance and support through out my PhD. Last but not least, to those who indirectly contributed in this research, your kindness means a lot to me. Thank you very much. Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxx London, U.K. May 2013. Abstract Radio spectrum is becoming increasingly scarce as more and more devices go wireless. Meanwhile, studies indicate that the assigned spectrum is not fully utilised. Cognitive radio technology is envisioned to be a promising solution to address the imbalance between spectrum scarcity and underutilisation. Cognitive radio enables the unlicensed (secondary) user to establish a communication link in licensed (primary) spectrum on the condition that there is no or minimal interference to the primary user. The interference management has become an important topic in cognitive radio in order to manage and fulfill the regulatory constraints. The management of interference is, unquestionably, required to treat and quantify all the interference produced by the cognitive transmission at the primary users. In order to manage this interference, the secondary users must be able to adjust their parameters to fulfill these constraints. In addition, the performance of contemporary multicell wireless networks is limited by intercell interference (ICI), due to cochannel transmission in other cells. This per- formance degradation is especially severe for users close to the cell-edge. As a solution, in this thesis different cognitive beamfomring techniques are proposed by deploying cognitive cells on the primacy cells boundaries to support the primary cell-edge users as well as servicing the secondary users. This thesis proposes interference management techniques based on cognitive beam- forming in a cellular network. We have identified conditions and proposed different techniques for optimal usage of radio spectrum, by allowing coexistence on the same spectrum resources between primary and cognitive users. Deploying cognitive cells on
Commercial The detailed criteria is mentioned at 1.02 of Annexure-A to BDS at Volume-I : Section-III.
Commercial Practices Borrower assumes all risks of the acts or omissions of any LC Beneficiary or transferees of any Letter of Credit with respect to the use of such Letter of Credit. Borrower agrees that neither any LC Issuing Bank, Administrative Agent nor any Lender (nor any of their respective directors, officers, or employees) shall be liable or responsible for: (a) the use which may be made of any Letter of Credit or for any acts or omissions of any LC Beneficiary or transferee in connection therewith; (b) any reference which may be made to this Agreement or to any Letter of Credit in any agreements, instruments or other documents; (c) the validity, sufficiency or genuineness of documents other than the Letters of Credit, or of any endorsement(s) thereon, even if such documents should in fact prove to be in any or all respects invalid, insufficient, fraudulent or forged or any statement therein proved to be untrue or inaccurate in any respect whatsoever; (d) payment by any LC Issuing Bank against presentation of documents which do not strictly comply with the terms of the applicable Letter of Credit, including failure of any documents to bear any reference or adequate reference to such Letter of Credit; or (e) any other circumstances whatsoever in making or failing to make payment under any Letter of Credit, except only that an LC Issuing Bank shall be liable to Borrower for acts or events described in clauses (a) through (e) above, to the extent, but only to the extent, of any direct damages, as opposed to indirect, special or consequential damages, suffered by Borrower which Borrower proves were caused by (i) any LC Issuing Bank’s willful misconduct or gross negligence in determining whether a drawing made under the applicable Letter of Credit complies with the terms and conditions therefor stated in such Letter of Credit or (ii) any LC Issuing Bank’s willful failure to pay under any Letter of Credit after a drawing by the respective LC Beneficiary strictly complying with the terms and conditions of the applicable Letter of Credit. Without limiting the foregoing, any LC Issuing Bank may accept any document that appears on its face to be in order, without responsibility for further investigation. Borrower hereby waives any right to object to any payment made under a Letter of Credit with regard to a drawing that is in the form provided in such Letter of Credit but which varies with respect to punctuation (except punctuation with respect to any Dollar amount specified therein), capitalization, spelling or similar matters of form.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License The Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License (CC-BY-NC-ND) permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, is not used for commercial purposes and no modifications or adaptations are made. (see below) Use by commercial "for-profit" organizations Use of Wiley Open Access articles for commercial, promotional, or marketing purposes requires further explicit permission from Wiley and will be subject to a fee. Further details can be found on Wiley Online Library xxxx://xxxxxxx.xxxxx.xxx/WileyCDA/Section/id-410895.html Other Terms and Conditions:
No Commercial Use or Re-Sale You agree that the Service is only for the personal or business use of individuals authorized to access your account information. You agree not to make any commercial use of Mobile Banking or resell, lease, rent or distribute access to Mobile Banking.
Commercialization Intrexon shall have the right to develop and Commercialize the Reverted Products itself or with one or more Third Parties, and shall have the right, without obligation to Fibrocell, to take any such actions in connection with such activities as Intrexon (or its designee), at its discretion, deems appropriate.
Regulatory Approval 25.1 The Parties understand and agree that this Agreement and any amendment or modification hereto will be filed with the Commission for approval in accordance with Section 252 of the Act and may thereafter be filed with the FCC. The Parties believe in good faith and agree that the services to be provided under this Agreement are in the public interest. Each Party covenants and agrees to fully support approval of this Agreement by the Commission or the FCC under Section 252 of the Act without modification.
Commercially Useful Function a Small Local Business Enterprise or Emerging Local Business Enterprise (SLBE/ELBE) performs a commercially useful function when it is responsible for execution of the work and is carrying out its responsibilities by actually performing, managing, and supervising the work involved. To perform a commercially useful function, the SLBE/ELBE shall also be responsible, with respect to materials and supplies used on the contract, for negotiating price, determining quantity and quality, ordering the material, and installing (where applicable) and paying for the material itself. To determine whether an SLBE/XXXX is performing a commercially useful function, an evaluation will be performed of the amount of work subcontracted, normal industry practices, whether the amount the SLBE/ELBE firm is to be paid under the contract is commensurate with the work it is actually performing and the SLBE/ELBE credit claimed for its performance of the work, and other relevant factors. Specifically, a SLBE/ELBE does not perform a commercially useful function if its role is limited to that of an extra participant in a transaction, contract, or project through which funds are passed in order to obtain the appearance of meaningful and useful SLBE/ELBE participation, when in similar transactions in which SLBE-ELBE firms do not participate, there is no such role performed. Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE): a certified business that is (1) at least fifty-one (51%) owned by socially and economically Disadvantaged Individuals, or, in the case of a publicly owned business at least fifty-one percent (51%) of the stock is owned by one or more socially and economically Disadvantaged Individuals; and (2) whose daily business operations are managed and directed by one or more socially and economically disadvantaged owners. Disadvantaged Individuals include Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and other minorities, or individual found to be disadvantaged by the Small Business Administration pursuant to Section 8 of the Small Business Reauthorization Act. Disabled Veteran Business Enterprise (DVBE): a certified business that is (1) at least fifty-one percent (51%) owned by one or more disabled veterans; and (2) business operations must be managed and controlled by one or more disabled veterans. Disabled Veteran is a veteran of the U.S. military, naval, or air service; the veteran must have a service-connected disability or at least 10% or more; and the veteran must reside in California. The firm shall be certified by the State of California’s Department of General Services, Office of Small and Minority Business. Emerging Business Enterprise (EBE): a business whose gross annual receipts do not exceed the amount set by the City Manager, and which meets all other criteria set forth in the regulations implementing the City’s Small and Local Business Preference Program. The City Manager shall review the threshold amount for EBEs on an annual basis, and adjust as necessary to reflect changes in the marketplace. Emerging Local Business Enterprise (ELBE): a Local Business Enterprise that is also an Emerging Business Enterprise. Local Business Enterprise (LBE): a firm having a Principal Place of Business and a Significant Employment Presence in San Diego County, California, that has been in operation for 12 consecutive months and a valid business tax certificate. This definition is subsumed within the definition of Small Local Business Enterprise. Minority Business Enterprise (MBE): a certified business that is (1) at least fifty-one percent (51%) owned by one or more minority individuals, or, in the case of a publicly owned business at least fifty- one percent (51%) of the stock is owned by one or more minority individuals; and (2) whose daily business operations are managed and directed by one or more minorities owners. Minorities include the groups with the following ethnic origins: African, Asian Pacific, Asian Subcontinent, Hispanic, Native Alaskan, Native American, and Native Hawaiian. Other Business Enterprise (OBE): any business which does not otherwise qualify as Minority, Woman, Disadvantaged or Disabled Veteran Business Enterprise. Principal Place of Business: a location wherein a firm maintains a physical office and through which it obtains no less than fifty percent (50%) of its overall customers or sales dollars. Significant Employee Presence: no less than twenty-five percent (25%) of a business’s total number of employees are domiciled in San Diego County. Small Business Enterprise (SBE): a business whose gross annual receipts do not exceed the amount set by the City Manager, and that meets all other criteria set forth in regulations implementing the City’s Small and Local Business Preference Program. The City Manager shall review the threshold amount for SBEs on an annual basis, and adjust as necessary to reflect changes in the marketplace. A business certified as a DVBE by the State of California, and that has provided proof of such certification to the City Manager, shall be deemed to be an SBE. Small Local Business Enterprise (SLBE): a Local Business Enterprise that is also a Small Business Enterprise. Women Business Enterprise (WBE): a certified business that is (1) at least fifty-one percent (51 %) owned by a woman or women, or, in the case of a publicly owned business at least fifty-one percent (51%) of the stock is owned by one or more women; and (2) whose daily business operations are managed and directed by one or more women owners.
COMMERCIAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE If performance involves acquisition of existing computer software, the following Company Exhibit is incorporated by reference: CCS Commercial Computer Software License (Company – July 2010).
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License The Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC)License permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.(see below)
