Photochemical Systems Sample Clauses

Photochemical Systems. Pure water does not absorb solar radiation, except in the infrared, where photon energies are too low to simulate photochemical action. Thus any photochemical process to drive reaction 7 must involve a sensitizer, that is, a molecule or semiconductor that can absorb sunlight and stimulate photochemical reactions which ultimately lead to the generation of hydrogen in reaction 7. The absorption of a single photon (in the solar wavelength ranges) can, at most, cause the transfer of one electron in a photoredox process. Since reaction 7 is a two-electron process (4 electrons for O2), catalysts for the storage of electrochemical equivalents are necessary in practical schemes. Figure 2 shows the minimal scheme for a process to split water involving a photochemical sensitizer S with redox storage catalysts cat-ox and cat-red. By utilizing sacrificial donors or acceptors to replace the oxidation or reduction half-reactions, respectively, it is possible to study each half reaction separately. Indeed almost all studies to date have been of this type, with very few studies of the complete reaction.
Sample 1
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Photochemical Systems. No photochemical system has as yet approached an efficiency of 10%; indeed it is arguable that no complete solar water splitting process has yet been demonstrated and confirmed in several other laboratories. Photochemical systems suffer from several difficulties:
Sample 1

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